Tuesday, August 27, 2019
ABS 394
Subtopic 4B!
•Approximately how many Americans have metabolic syndrome?
1 in 5 Americans has metabolic syndrome
•What are some potential health problems due to consistently high insulin
and glucose levels in the blood?
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of risk factors that increase the
chance of developing heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Losing weight,
exercise, and dietary changes can help prevent or reverse metabolic
syndrome.
•What is insulin resistance?
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of heart disease risk factors that
increase your chance of developing heart disease,!stroke, and!diabetes.
The condition is also known by other names including Syndrome X,
insulin resistance syndrome, and dysmetabolic syndrome.! cells have a
significantly reduced ability to recognize and respond to this insulin
signaling to take up glucose. the cells are not following the directions
given by insulin to take in the glucose to reduce the glucose levels in the
bloodstream
•What causes insulin resistance?
The exact cause of metabolic syndrome is not known. Many features of
the metabolic syndrome are associated with "insulin resistance." Insulin
resistance means that the body does not use insulin efficiently to lower
glucose and triglyceride levels. A combination of genetic and lifestyle
factors may result in insulin resistance. Lifestyle factors include dietary
habits, activity and perhaps interrupted sleep patterns (such as!sleep
apnea). it is believed to involve mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Tuesday, August 27, 2019
•What happens to insulin production by the pancreas in Type 1 diabetes?
the pancreas is being attacked by the bodies own cells and is no longer
able to produce insulin to remove sugar from the bloodstream
•What happens to insulin levels in Type 2 diabetes?
receptor cells become less sensitive to insulin. This insulin resistance
results in less sugar being removed by the blood
•What happens to blood glucose levels in both Type
1 and Type 2 diabetes?
blood glucose levels are high
•Which type of diabetes involves insulin resistance?
type 2
•How is Type 1 diabetes managed?
insulin injections
•How is Type 2 diabetes managed?
weight loss - low carb diet
• What component in the diet was shown to be beneficial in prevention of T1D
in the mice study?
Fibre-rich. The diet is rich in a specific type of fibre that comes from a plant product called high
amylose corn starch. The fibre is resistant to digestion in the upper intestine, and instead is
fermented into acetate and butyrate by bacteria in the large intestine, or colon.
• What effects do the short chain fatty acids have on the immune system?
Short-chain fatty acids called butyrate and acetate dampen down the immune system,
and have the potential to treat a range of disorders from asthma to irritable bowel
syndrome. One recent study"found that in the brain, the compounds could affect
immune processes that underlie Parkinson’s disease.!
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Tuesday, August 27, 2019
• What is the conventional management approach for T2D?
Lose weight. Substantial weight loss results in reduced fat inside the liver and
pancreas, allowing these organs to return to normal function. Type 2 diabetes is usually
treated with medication and in some cases,"bariatric surgery"to restrict stomach
capacity, which has also been shown to reverse the disease. Rather than addressing
the root cause, management guidelines for type 2 diabetes focus on reducing blood
sugar levels through drug treatments. Diet and lifestyle are touched upon, but diabetes
remission by cutting calories is rarely discussed.!
• What percentage of people reversed their T2D by losing 15 kg or more
weight?
9/10
• What is chronic inflammation?
Chronic inflammation is a low-level inflammatory response (an irritated
state at the cellular level) throughout the body. It is an immune reaction
similar to what we see at an infected cut (redness, swelling, pain, etc.)
but is spread out throughout larger areas of the body and is much lower
grade.
• What factors can lead to chronic inflammation?
Obesity, smoking, chronic stress, alcohol
• What illnesses is chronic inflammation associated with?
Alzhiemers , heart attack, stroke, cancer, heart disease, dieabetes, depression. allergies,
inflammatory bowel diseases, or alteration of immunity and inflammation
within organs away from the intestine
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Tuesday, August 27, 2019
•What types of foods were included in the diets for the two test groups
mentioned?
cut back on added sugar, refined grains and highly processed foods while
concentrating on eating plenty of vegetables and whole foods…
“healthy” low carb and “healthy” low fat. Members of both groups
attended classes with dietitians where they were trained to eat nutrient-
dense, minimally processed whole foods, cooked at home whenever
possible. Soft drinks, fruit juice, muffins, white rice and white bread are
technically low in fat, for example, but the low-fat group was told to
avoid those things and eat foods like brown rice, barley, steel-cut oats,
lentils, lean meats, low-fat dairy products, quinoa, fresh fruit and
legumes. The low-carb group was trained to choose nutritious foods like
olive oil, salmon, avocados, hard cheeses, vegetables, nut butters, nuts
and seeds, and grass-fed and pasture-raised animal foods.
•How did the success rates for weight loss compare between the two
groups?
While people on average lost a significant amount of weight in the study,
there was also wide variability in both groups. Some people gained
weight, and some lost as much as 50 to 60 pounds.!On average, the
members of the low-carb group lost just over 13 pounds, while those in
the low-fat group lost about 11.7 pounds.!
•How did genetic differences or their state of insulin resistance among
people affect their responses in these studies?
Ultimately the subjects’ genotypes did not appear to influence their
responses to the diets
•How effective are medications in treatment of mental illnesses in the long
term?
they are not effective long term but make it worse
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Tuesday, August 27, 2019
•What mental disorders are believed to benefit from supplementation
with micronutrients?
ADHD, depression, bipolar, PTSD, cognitive ability, autism, psychosis
•What percent of people respond favorably to extra micronutrients?
60-80%
•Which type of cells can use ketone bodies as an alternative energy
source?
brain cells, nearly all healthy cells
•How does a cancer cell’s need for glucose compare to that of a healthy
cell?
cancer lacks the ability to switch to ketone, they use large amounts of
glucose much more than healthy cells
•What is a non-toxic, alternative combination cancer treatment approach
Dr. D’Agostino is currently working on using mouse models?
fdg-pet scan, high pressure oxygen. Ketogenic Diet and Hyperbaric
Oxygen
• What are some reasons medical profession is not acknowledging metabolic
approaches for cancer?
1. Lack of information, not trained 2. Reliance on procedures, no challenge 3. Economic
procedure - not money generating, no profitable
• Is the ketogenic diet effective for all cancer types?
All tumor cancers ferment, therefore yes
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