Monday, August 26, 2019
ABS 394
Subtopic 3C!
•What was the effect of skipping breakfast for Dr. Herring?
Less hungry during the day, dropped weight
• What are some measurements that can be used to monitor health during a
fasting protocol?
Measure waist, pulse, blood pressure, HbA1c, HS-CRP!
•What were the observed health benefits of feeding mice only during
waking hours?
Mice fed a high-fat diet only during normal waking hours staved off
obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and liver damage—all of which plagued
animals with access to food around the clock. In addition, liver function
and circadian control! fell out of whack in mice that ate whenever they
wanted. He pointed out that certain genes need a period of fasting in
order to be activated. Perhaps the constant stream of food never gives
them the opportunity to switch on properly, he speculated. For example,
coordinating the timing of gene activation is important to maintain
proper glucose levels in the liver.
•What are some likely reasons for the observed benefits from restricting
feeding to a shorter time period?
Constant eating may deprive our bodies of an important chance to
maintain itself. While we eat, the body stores fat, which adds weight and
puts stress on the liver, and produces glucose, which elevates blood sugar
levels—a sign of diabetes. In contrast, evidence suggests that when we
stop eating for several hours, the liver stops releasing glucose into the
blood, and instead uses it to repair cellular damage. It also releases
enzymes that break down cholesterol into acids, which in turn help break
down brown fat—a “good” fat that converts calories into heat.!
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Monday, August 26, 2019
•What is the eating pattern described as eTRF in this study? Why is it believed
to be beneficial?
People eat their last meal by the mid-afternoon and do not eat again until
breakfast the next morning. Appetite levels are more even throughout the
day. The main idea is to extend the period between the meals every day.
The blood-glucose level begins to drop several hours after a meal, leading
to a decrease in insulin level and a rise in glucagon secretion. !
• What were the findings from the eTRF study?
Previous animal studies showed that eTRF helped rodents burn more fat. eTRF
reduced body fat and decreased the risk of chronic diseases in rodents. Researchers
found that, although eTRF did not affect how many total calories participants burned, it
reduced daily hunger swings and increased fat burning during several hours at night. It
also improved metabolic flexibility, which is the body's ability to switch between
burning carbs and burning fats.!
•What is the composition of the fasting mimicking diet (FMD)?
#five-day low-calorie/low-protein diet once per month for three months. A
diet that's low in protein, low in carbohydrates, and high in healthy fats.!
•What were the outcomes of the FMD in mice?
Stem cell numbers increased considerably and various cell types -- such as
bone, muscle, liver, brain, and immune cells -- were regenerated. The animals
also experienced better health and a prolonged lifespan, with benefits including
reduced inflammatory diseases and cancer, improved learning and memory, and
retarded bone loss, without a decrease in muscle mass.
• What were the outcomes of the FMD in humans?
had decreased risk factors associated with aging, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer
compared to the control group.!
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Monday, August 26, 2019
•What were the experimental designs of the two ketogenic diets mentioned
in this article?
Cycled mice on and off a ketogenic diet, which forces the body to
produce fatty acids called ketone bodies to fuel metabolism through the
severe limiting of carbohydrates. Those mice, which were given non-
ketogenic diets one week and ketogenic diets the next, avoided obesity
and memory decline and displayed reductions in midlife mortality,
compared to mice on a control diet. The other experiment kept mice on a
ketogenic diet for 14 months and showed similar results, with the
addition of improvements in motor function, grip strength, and other
indicators of muscle mass.
•What were the common outcomes from these two studies?
avoided obesity and memory decline and displayed reductions in midlife
mortality.. keeps mice living longer, healthier lives. “The fact that we had
such an effect on memory and preservation of brain function is really
exciting,”. Effects of the special diet on heart function and gene
regulation show improved cognitive function
•What additional health benefits did the extended ketogenic diet provide?
!with the addition of improvements in motor function, grip strength, and
other indicators of muscle mass.
•How does the life expectancy and disease incidence of normal and
growth hormone receptor deficient (GHRD) mice compare to each other?
What about in humans?
•How long can humans survive without food?
60 days
•How does fasting prior to chemotherapy influence
the outcome of these treatments?
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Monday, August 26, 2019
white blood cells went back to normal. Fasting can be employed as a
supplemental treatment to many conventional cancer therapy methods,
such as radiation or chemotherapy. Fasting and fasting-mimicking diets
seem to starve and slow down the growth of cancer cells; we will look
into the molecular mechanisms of this effect in the next module.
Surprisingly, in some cases fasting seems to work better than
chemotherapy in terms of delaying growth and spread of cancer
(metastasis).
•
•What are the outcomes of fasting mimicking diets in humans in terms of
blood glucose levels, risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease and
Alzheimer’s?
high white blood cells, tumors go down, less cancer. Stems cells become
activated and regenerate immune cells in mice. Blood glucose levels
dropped in humans, risk of cancer fell, high levels of cardiovascular
disease people saw it lower, reduction in Alzheimers cancer, CVD,
diabetes
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