1. Stone tool production. Some of the artifacts at the above
sites represent specific types of tool manufacture. Identify
which stages of tool manufacture and use seem to have
been most prevalent at various sites.
o1.1. Identify the site(s) at which people were
extracting raw material, shaping nodules into cores,
but not using many tools at the site. (4 points)
The site where people were extracting raw material, shaping nodules into cores, but not using
many tools at the site was “Crescent Hills.” Little to no usage of tools.
o1.2. Identify the site(s) at which people at the site
seem to have been both making and using stone
tools. (4 points)
The site where people seemed to have been both making and using stone tools was the site of
“Dupo.” This is because “Dupo” had the most amount of stone tools and had the most usage out
of all the sites.
o1.3. Identify the site(s) at which people were mainly
using tools with very little evidence of production.
(4 points)
The sites at which people were mainly using tools with very little evidence of production were
“Troy” and “Alton.” Out of all the sites, these two sites had the lowest numbers of production and
mainly used tools.
2. General site function. Identify which site best matches each
of the descriptions below based on their tool assemblages.
Consider both the numbers of artifacts and the kinds of
tools present.
o2.1. Based on the numbers of artifacts and the kinds
of tools present, which site likely represents a
temporary hunting camp? (4 points)
Based on the numbers of artifacts and the kinds of tools present, the site most likely to represent
a temporary hunting camp was “Alton.” They had the least number of artifacts and a good portion
of them were used as tools which can be useful for a temporary hunting camp.
o2.2. Based on the numbers of artifacts and the kinds
of tools present, which site is likely an agricultural
settlement with evidence for hunting? (4 points)
Based on the numbers of artifacts and the kinds of tools present, the site likely to have an
agricultural settlement with evidence for hunting was “Troy.” They definitely had the most
amount of “small points” and “hoe flakes” that were important for hunting.
o2.3. Based on the numbers of artifacts and the kinds
of tools present, which site was likely a station for
preliminary flintknapping stages, probably close to
a raw material source? (4 points)
Based on the numbers of artifacts and the kinds of tools present, the site likely to have a station
for preliminary flintknapping stages was “Crescent Hills” due to the production debris.
3. Inter-regional comparison. Some of the artifacts at the
above sites show links with other regions.
o3.1. Which sites have affiliations with neighboring
regions to the southwest? (4 points)
The sites to have affiliations with neighboring regions to the southwest was the site of “Crescent
Hills” and the site of “Dupo.” Obsidian was very suitable for flaking and an important usage for
the southwestern states of the US.
o3.2. Which sites have affiliations with neighboring
regions to the east? (4 points)
The sites that appear to have affiliations with neighboring regions to the east was the site of
“Troy” and the site of “Alton.”
o3.3. Which sites have affiliations with neighboring
regions to both the southwest and the east? (4
points)
The sites to have affiliations to both southwest and the east was the site of “Dupo” and the site of
“Troy.”
4. Time period. Some of these artifacts also indicate a
temporal association with either Archaic or Mississippian
period.
o4.1. Which of the sites appears to be occupied
mainly during the Mississippian period? (4 points)
The sites that appear to be occupied mainly during the Mississippian period was the site of
“Dupo.” Unlike the Archaic period, the use of small points and the introduction of the bow and
arrow were used during this time period.
o4.2. Which of the sites appears to be occupied
mainly during the Archaic period? (4 points)
The site that appears to be occupied mainly during the Archaic period was the site of “Troy.”
This is because of the usage of large spear points that were present during this time period.
o4.3. Which site is difficult to place within one of
these temporal phases and why? (6 points)
The site that is difficult to place within one of these temporal phases was “Crescent Hills.” The
reason behind this is because there was a good amount of evidence of both “small points” and
“large points.”
Crescent
Hills Dupo Troy Alton
Chunks 75 3 0 0
Cores 45 10 1 1
Cortical
flakes 89 16 1 2
Used flakes 5 45 51 20
Unused
flakes 97 30 12 4
Used blades 1 11 15 4
Unused
blades 0 10 0 1
Small points 1 12 20 0
Large points 2 0 0 12
Hoe flakes 0 6 7 0
