Module 5 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
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Case Study Analysis
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04/20/2021
Case Study Analysis
An assessment of the symptoms, medical history, current medications, and lab test results indicate that the patient may have type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes may have elevated sedimentation rate (ESR) and a high C-reactive protein (CRP). Type 2 diabetes affects both the musculoskeletal and neurological systems. The swelling of the patient’s toe and the pain in the right first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint are indicators of a diabetic foot problem, which is caused by the elevated blood sugar level. The pain and swelling on the toe may be the causes of the fever and chills. Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure, while metformin is used to lower blood glucose levels for diabetic patients. [🡨 Nice work presenting this information in a clear manner for readers! One thing to remember in your APA style papers, however, is to include citations whenever you are using information from an outside resource. The readers need to be able to tell what material comes from an outside resource and what material is your own analysis. If you’re not quite sure how often to cite, take a look at our resource here.]
Type 2 diabetes may affect the neurologic system, as the high blood sugar level cause damage to blood vessels that take blood to the nerves, thereby leading to nerve damage (Schreiber et al., 2015). When the nerves are damaged, a patient may experience numbness in the extremities, such as the lower legs and hands. If the condition is not effectively managed, it can lead to the damage of nerves that are connected to vital organs, such as digestive organs, which can interfere with the functioning of the organs.
The patient is obese, which increases the risk for type 2 diabetes and also inhibits the management of the condition (Leitner et al., 2017). Thus, there is a need for combined treatment strategies to effectively manage the patient’s condition. Since obesity is a risk factor for diabetes, the use of medications without weight reduction may be futile, as additional weight inhibits the ability of the body to control blood glucose (Leitner et al., 2017). Weight management involves dietary restrictions, where healthy food options are recommended such as low-fat diets, naturally cooked and unprocessed foods, and energy-restricted diets (Koliaki et al., 2018). High-quality proteins such as fish, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits also constitute a healthy diet (Koliaki et al., 2018). [🡨 The link between these two sentences is not quite clear, so the shift in topic here feels very sudden. I suggest including a transitional phrase at the beginning to this second sentence to connect back to the previous sentence more smoothly. 🡪] Metformin is the first-line medication for type 2 diabetes, which works by lowering the production of glucose in the body and improving insulin sensitivity (Mayo Clinic, 2021). Comment by Julia Shiota: I suggest including thus to link this sentence back more clearly to the sentence that came before it.
Research indicates that some ethnic groups have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the United States, such as African Americans, due to some risk factors including the higher rates of obesity than in whites (Ferdinand & Nasser, 2015). Race and various physiological mechanisms, such as obesity and distribution of fat, and energy expenditure have a combined effect on the development of type 2 diabetes among different populations (Walker et al., 2016). African Americans are disproportionately affected by diabetes due to the sedentary lifestyle, and higher rates of obesity than in the white population (Walker et al., 2016). Studies have indicated that African Americans require fewer calories to maintain their body weight and have a smaller resting energy expenditure than whites, which predispose them to obesity and type 2 diabetes (Staiano et al., 2015). Comment by Julia Shiota: Since you already mentioned this fact earlier in the paragraph, it feels repetitive to mention it twice in the same paragraph. I suggest cutting this out to avoid unnecessary repetition.
References Comment by Julia Shiota: Excellent work with your reference list, Oghenekaro! I just had one minor correction for the very last reference entry.
Ferdinand, K. C., & Nasser, S. A. (2015). Racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence and care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 31(5), 913-923. https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2015.1029894
Koliaki, C., Spinos, T., Spinou, Μ., Brinia, Μ. E., Mitsopoulou, D., & Katsilambros, N. (2018). Defining the optimal dietary approach for safe, effective and sustainable weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 6(3), 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6030073
Leitner, D. R., Frühbeck, G., Yumuk, V., Schindler, K., Micic, D., Woodward, E., & Toplak, H. (2017). Obesity and type 2 diabetes: two diseases with a need for combined treatment strategies - EASO can lead the way. Obesity Facts, 10(5), 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1159/000480525
Mayo Clinic. (2021, January 20). Type 2 diabetes. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351199
Schreiber, A. K., Nones, C. F., Reis, R. C., Chichorro, J. G., & Cunha, J. M. (2015). Diabetic neuropathic pain: Physiopathology and treatment. World Journal of Diabetes, 6(3), 432–444. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.432
Sözen, T., Başaran, N. Ç., Tınazlı, M., & Özışık, L. (2018). Musculoskeletal problems in diabetes mellitus. European Journal of Rheumatology, 5(4), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurjrheum.2018.18044
Staiano, A. E., Harrington, D. M., Johannsen, N. M., Newton, R. L., Jr, Sarzynski, M. A., Swift, D. L., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2015). Uncovering physiological mechanisms for health disparities in type 2 diabetes. Ethnicity & disease, 25(1), 31–37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378536/
Walker, R. J., Strom Williams, J., & Egede, L. E. (2016). Influence of Race, Ethnicity and Social Determinants of Health on Diabetes Outcomes. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 351(4), 366–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2016.01.008 Comment by Julia Shiota: Make sure this article title follows sentence case, like the other articles you have in your reference list.
