Yellow fever
Ana @
Yellowfeverpart3copy.docx1
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Yellow Fever #2
By
Professor
SCB260 General Microbiology
Please add a short introduction at the beginning.
Changes in Government Policy and Healthcare System
The government has had a lot of strategies to prevent and controlling of the yellow fever disease. The strategies aimed to are include first to aiding in detection and controlling of the disease. There is at least one confirmed case of yellow favor daily. According to Cargo et al, the government has mechanisms as well that helps in aiding in early and immediate reporting in case there is any yellow fever case that has been identified, this will help in avoiding of spreading to other people. The suspected patients usually have their specimens collected and then taken to the lab so that there could be very well clearly stated results and not suspicion[footnoteRef:1]. When a person tests positive for the disease, there are some ways on how the medication is usually got. Emergency immunization response and activities are underway and through his (this), the government is ensuring that people will not be contacting the disease, even though they might contract it the impacts that it could have caused is always minimized. This is given to all people irrespective of the immunization history. The childhood immunization against the disease is automatic. The yellow fever surveillance has been improved by the government. This is because the government prioritizes the diseases to be surveyed when the disease has got a high number of deaths. Surveillance for this type of disease is very important because when some measures are taken, the outbreak of these disease can completely be prevented and controlled. [1: Camargo, Carolina, Yasir H. Ahmed-Braimah, I. Alexandra Amaro, Laura C. Harrington, Mariana F. Wolfner, and Frank W. Avila. "Mating and blood-feeding induce transcriptome changes in the spermathecae of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020): 1-13.
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Public Awareness
The awareness campaigns have been on the rise about the yellow fever disease. This is known as the life saver and preventive campaigns. This was invented since 2011 and it is always organized in a quite number of countries across the globe. This makes so many people to be aware of the existence of the disease, their mode of transmission, their prevention and controlling mechanisms amongst so many things that are usually made public on this day. (references?)
Immunization and its importance against the disease also happens and through this many people tends to understand why especially the newborn kids should be immunized against the diseases, this makes them to be very receptive when the process is turned into a reality. However, there are some factors that makes the disease to shift its geography, for example urbanization and changes of environmental uses and land changes[footnoteRef:2]. The severe outbreak Yellow fever has made the countries and states to be more vigilant and also looking for medicines and vaccines that can help in the disease prevention. [2: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. "Yellow Fever". Cdc.Gov. https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/ ]
Add some info re Gavi-supported vaccine program https://www.gavi.org/types-support/vaccine-support/yellow-fever
There has been a stockpile in response to the disease outbreak this is through some countries being in a position to access the vaccines. Other countries as well are helping the third world countries to access the vaccines in case of an outbreak without having necessary to pay for them his is helpful in curbing the pandemic. There have been millions of the vaccines that are deployed globally so that there can be an inclusive light against the disease. This is through the international coordination groups[footnoteRef:3] [3: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. "Yellow Fever". Cdc.Gov. https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/ ]
The media plays a very important role in sensitizing about the yellow fever disease. When an outbreak is announced in a given country the people are always very keen to follow the news. and Through this public media, they are able to learn more about the disease and the most important thing is how the prevention procedure is always like. Having some advertisements on the dangers of yellow fever in the media and the social media platforms is always very educative and people are always accessing information which they might not have accessed.
Training of the community health volunteers in some part of the world happens about the disease. These people are mandated to go to the ground and educate the community members as well as sensitizing them on the importance of immunization and this in the long run will help in avoidance, controlling and prevention of diseases.
Social Issues From Yellow Fever
There are so many issues that have arisen as a result of outbreak of yellow fever disease. The very challenging effect of the disease is that it interferes with the psychological functioning of the body[footnoteRef:4]. This is for both the affected and the infected. There are a lot of problems that comes along with the disease for instance death may happen and the people that are left are always psychologically disturbed. [4: Diniz, Lilian Martins Oliveira, Roberta Maia de Castro Romanelli, Aline Almeida Bentes, Nara Lúcia Carvalho da Silva, Flávia Ribeiro Soares Cruzeiro, Tânia Maria Marcial, and José Geraldo Leite Ribeiro. "Yellow fever in children and adolescents previously immunized in Minas Gerais State, Brazil." Vaccine (2020). ]
When a person or a family member is spending most of the time in the hospital, there is a high probability that there will be a job loss. Unemployment means that the basic needs will be unmet and one will be struggling so much, at some point the person may engage in other crimes as well as committing suicide.
When there is a pandemic for example the outbreak of the yellow fever, the economy will spend most of its income in treating the patients and buying of the medicines, this might make a state to run into crisis and the economic status of the country maybe unstable after the pandemic.
There are a number of factors that are causing yellow fever disease for example weather and climatic conditions this is because the temperatures climate change plays a very important role in the occurrences and the incidences of yellow fever diseases. During warm conditions the type of interaction changes and this may make people to transmit the disease than ever before (not clear about “type of interaction”?) .
Human factors such as the behavior as well as factors of social economic in most cases it has a lot of impacts on the yellow fever contraction. The behavior and the attitude that one has towards a disease may make one vulnerable or resistance to diseases.
The ecosystem itself plays a very vital role in how the rate of the disease will spread. This is because the yellow fever literally can be spread through being bitten by a mosquito. There is a relationship between deforestation and how the mosquitoes are susceptible to people. Flooding and swampy areas might result in the right conditions for the breeding of the mosquitoes[footnoteRef:5]. When they have bred they will bite as many people whom they come across with and this in the long run is a factor that may aid in the spreading of the disease. [5: Giovanetti, Marta, Marcos Cesar Lima de Mendonça, Vagner Fonseca, Maria Angélica Mares- Guia, Allison Fabri, Joilson Xavier, Jaqueline Goes de Jesus et al. "Yellow fever virus reemergence and spread in Southeast Brazil, 2016–2019." Journal of virology 94, no. 1 (2019). ]
Transmission of the yellow fever can be linked to some travelling at some levels. This is because some parts of the world are prone to mosquitoes while other places there are no mosquitoes. When one travels to places where there is high number of mosquitoes and they happen to bite them the person who has travelled might contract the disease. (reference?)
Public Health Preparedness on Yellow Fever
Outbreak of yellow fever disease has made the public health emergency team to be very prepared in case an emergency arises. Although there is no specific medication for the yellow fever, there is always a very supportive early treatment systems that is done at the hospital level to make sure that the chances of survival for the patients are improved[footnoteRef:6]. The system is prepared with some specific drugs which helps in curing of very specific signs of yellow fever including drugs for treating dehydration, kidney and liver failures and fever. For example there is a drug to cure the dehydration levels, there is the cure and treatment for kidney and liver failures and how to manage fever for the patients. [6: Reno, Elaine, Nicolas G. Quan, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Daniel B. Chastain, Lakshmi Chauhan, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, and Andrés F. Henao-Martínez. "Prevention of yellow fever in travellers: an update." The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
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One way that the system is very prepared is the issue of having the yellow fever vaccines which is the most important means when it comes to prevention of yellow fever. Vaccination is done in different levels at the health care system, there is the immunization for the infants and the young children, in case of an outbreak there is a mass vaccination for all the citizens. There is a vaccination that is done to all the travelers who are going to a totally different environments, (rewrite: Vaccination should be given to travelers who visit other countries and high-risk areas)
During the pandemic he resources that are given (provided) especially to the affected country/ or the region is the availing of the stockpile medicine for the patients without a pay especially for the third world countries.
My perspective about understanding the social impacts of Yellow fever
Yellow fever coms (comes) along with so many social impacts. The social impacts does not only affect the infected but also the affected. The psychological impacts affects the person who is sick and at the same time it has got negative impacts on the family members especially when their loved ones are spending a lot of time in the hospitals and incase a person passes away due to the disease. Unemployment and job losses happens when a pandemic strikes an economy. Some people will have to go home due to the economic crises, others is so that he can take care of the patient and others is a result of being into the hospital for so long.
FYI (you can find useful info from this WHO article)
https://www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/YFIbrochure.pdf?ua=1#:~:text=A%20TANGIBLE%20THREAT%20TO%20PUBLIC,re%2Demergence%20since%20the%201980's.
Reference
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. "Yellow Fever". Cdc.Gov. https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/
World Health Organization. 2020. "Yellow Fever". Who.Int.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever
Diniz, Lilian Martins Oliveira, Roberta Maia de Castro Romanelli, Aline Almeida Bentes, Nara Lúcia Carvalho da Silva, Flávia Ribeiro Soares Cruzeiro, Tânia Maria Marcial, and José Geraldo Leite Ribeiro. "Yellow fever in children and adolescents previously immunized in Minas Gerais State, Brazil." Vaccine (2020).
Giovanetti, Marta, Marcos Cesar Lima de Mendonça, Vagner Fonseca, Maria Angélica Mares- Guia, Allison Fabri, Joilson Xavier, Jaqueline Goes de Jesus et al. "Yellow fever virus reemergence and spread in Southeast Brazil, 2016–2019." Journal of virology 94, no. 1 (2019).
Reno, Elaine, Nicolas G. Quan, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Daniel B. Chastain, Lakshmi Chauhan, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, and Andrés F. Henao-Martínez. "Prevention of yellow fever in travellers: an update." The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
