HISTORY

How did Union occupation of the South during the Civil War upset 1.race relations, 2. social classes, and 3. expectations of law and order in the South?

3-5 pages

Union Occupation in the South

The zones of Union occupations led to garrison towns such as St. Augustine. The historical moments in 1859 that led to the civil war on American soil came after an attempt by James Brown to bring back slavery within the Virginia state (Totten, 2011, 20). The constant attacks on the United States union patrols, the capture of escaped slaves and the open defiance from the white settlers led to the 1861-1865 civil war and union occupation of the southern states. The union occupation led to the destruction of the antebellum economy, unwarranted suffering of the white settlers and a change to the southern war policies.

Race relations

The union occupation on the south led to a depopulation of white settlers living within the garrison towns. This resulted to the destruction of slavery economy in the south, racial discrimination and a refugee crisis. The black American slaves who were freed or emancipated from their masters used this as an opportunity to escape slavery and get enlisted in the civil war. For example, the independent blues who were part of the service patrol in St. Augustine recruited over 70 members three of who were from African American and mixed races (Totten, 2011, 27). Male figures from wealthy and prominent families also served within these confederate services that protected the southern states from a union military invasion.INACCURATE, NOT COLLEGE LEVEL WRITING OR CONTENT?

The black African slaves rescued from the fourth Hampshire movements still faced discrimination and maltreatment from the white union soldiers. However, the provost marshal law considered it a violation to the return any slave back to their owners (Totten, 2011, 54). Consequently some slaves were labeled as prostitutes leading to their expulsion from the garrison towns. The local militia fighting against slave abolition also worked to keep their hold on their slaves by staging a confederate militia of the third Florida infantry against the unionists. MORE OF THE SAME in articulate, poorly written content? QUESTIONS MUST BE ANSWERED IN SCHOLOARLY LEVEL CONTENT?

Social classes

The planter, slave and plain folk social order was disrupted after the union occupation in the south. The union occupation led to the migration and forceful expulsion of the white plantation owners who became sympathizers to the confederate armies. Over 40% of the original white settlers left their homes due to fear of an eminent attack from the union military (Totten, 2011, 95). The population of garrison towns such as St. Augustine went down ????? to approximately 700 white men and 300 black African slaves. This number reduced significantly during the 1863 forceful expulsions of confederate families and their sympathizers from the garrison towns. Hundreds of women and children were packed out of their homes and shipped out of the garrison towns.

The pro union military tried to use the military occupation policy to free the black slaves in the south and promote equality among the races. The garrison towns therefore became homes of refuge for freed African American slaves or slaves who did not have owners. Abraham Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation and the 1865 Gilmore creed were also implemented to ensure equal treatment of Negroes in areas concerning their education, work and social support (Totten, 2011, 85). However, the remaining white settlers still fought against a free black slave.

Law and order in the South

The civil war did not end into the indiscriminate killing and (poorly written) plundering of properties. However, the federal occupation in the south transitioned from conciliatory to radical punishment of the confederacy sympathizers. The conciliation policy initially worked to protect the properties of the loyal southerners from attack (Totten, 2011, 57). This policy was meant to create a level of loyalty among slave owners in the neighboring states. However the open resistance and persecutions of the union leaders based in St. Augustine garrison and the surrounding regions led to stricter war time policies.

An increased level of violence against the civilians who paid allegiance to the unionist led to a plunder and destruction of more properties. Ash asserts that the southern resistance led to a change in the war policies that influenced the garrison occupation zones. The implementation of martial law, the expulsion of confederate sympathizers, targeting the properties of the financiers and staging reprisals were some of the measures put in place by the union troops. These laws were meant to manage the escalating level of violence in the surrounding no man’s land and irregular attacks from the guerilla warfare.

Expectations of law

The implementation of the martial law in April of 1862 did nothing at reducing the level of non-violent resistance among the white plantation owners. The inhabitants who did not support the efforts of the confederate like Calvin Shed were ambushed by the guerrilla fighters, robbed and his son killed for refusing to take part in the war. RELEVANT CONTENT STARTS HERE: The abandonment of the conciliatory policy led to the introduction of the hard-war policy in 1864 (Totten, 2011, 14). Hard-war became a strategy for targeting specific military officials, military equipment and even the civilian property with the aim of cutting off the supply of resources to the enemy’s camp or military units.

The union soldiers used the hard-war policy to invade businesses, vandalize properties and confiscation of assets. The towns that were harboring the confederacy and their sources of income such as Picolata became completely disconnected from St. Augustine harbors (Totten, 2011, 40). Families were isolated from each other for months. The impedement of trade and ferrying of goods to the interior Picolata coast led to the collapse of many lucrative businesses that were based in the enemy territory. This included the destruction of enemy ships in order to make trade, mobility and smuggling of fire arms difficult within the surrounding rivers, swamps and forest areas. A large population of white inhabitants became desolate and had to depend on the unions provisions of food rations to survive.

References THIS IN NOT THE MATERIAL TO BE USED?

Totten, E. P. (2011). The Ancient City Occupied St. Augustine As A Test Case For Stephen Ash's Civil War Occupation Model.