ethnography
sageluffy
workbook202112.pptxQualitative Skills Reflective Diary/E-Journal 2018 Due Tuesday 3rd December 2019 10am electronically Plus hard copy to be collected in the workshop
Instructions
This is a ‘reflective’ journal as well as a ‘work book’. Write in full sentences and with ‘creativity’ you will not get good marks for one word answer. The gaps obviously must be expanded to allow for robust answers. How you present this workbook is ups you your to design make sure its in a format that can be uploaded.
You workbook contains 4 types of entries
1. Questions that ask for personal reflections that just require a ‘creative reflective writing’ type response. Bring situations to life do not write in short sentences. This will get you used to really using ‘descriptive adjectives’ to make your observations realistic to the reader
2. * In Pink Academic *Questions that require you to discuss, synthesis, argue citing Qualitative Research authors /year/academic sources and require you to write with good academic rigour and UOB Harvard style (see learning resources website) – these skills are vital in the critical analysis section of any research. (+)
3. Observational Analysis exercises/tasks that we do in your workshop
4. Analysis tasks that are set for you to do as independent learners
type response. Bring situations to life do not write in short sentences. This will get you used to really using ‘descriptive adjectives
Name ID
Course Sports development and Management.
My advice is to keep up to date – it is not something that is intended for you to do all at once – most of it we will do in situ in the workshops.
The workshops have marks for the class activities - If you do not attend workshops you cannot get full marks.
Please change the font of your responses so they are clear and easy to mark.
The individual entries will be given each week however, the file must be put together as one file (think ahead about uploading large files_
Qualitative Research Personal Skills Reflective E Portfolio 2019
Tuesday 3rd December 2019 10am electronically
Plus hard copy to be collected in the workshop
1
I Donald Mlambo confirm I attended these workshops
signature please
(Obviously this will be checked against the register)
Week 41 Sign ………………………………& date…………….
Week 42 Sign ………………………………”…………….
Week 43 Sign ………………………………”…………….
Week 44 Sign ………………………………”…………….
Week 45 Sign ………………………………”…………….
Week 46 Sign ………………………………”………….
Week 47 Sign ………………………………”………….
Week 48 Sign ………………………………”…………..
| What are your past experiences of ‘doing Qualitative’ Research? | I have been able to get understandings of how other people feel while performing some activities. In addition, I have been able to gain direct experience from the source that has improved some of my skills like reporting methods and styles in research. |
| Have you any ideas for your intended career? | I have different ideas of my envisioned career. I intend to be a sports manager for soccer team. It can be a men’s or a women’s team. Soccer is one of the best sporting activity that has benefits for the community, players and the management of a team. |
| When have you been required to do any mindful ‘reflection’ of your own practice? | I have applied mindful reflection during practical in the field. In numerous occasions, while doing trainings in the field, I have been able to stay alert, relaxed and focused through mindful reflection on thoughts and senses of the environment. Being aware and alert of all the sporting requirements and environment is vital for a skilled practitioner. |
| Using authors and dates and writing in a good academic style explain what it means to be an a ‘reflective practitioner’ | Reflection is an education tool important for people practising in the field (Plack and Greenberg 2006). These individuals solve problems and perform tasks at work place by inquiring and referring to teachings and experiences that solve the situations effectively. |
| Why are these skills important to improve for your intended career or in the roles you are doing currently in the Sports/PE/ PA industry? Give examples | Observation, judgement and past experiences are essential in reflection to provide connection to the practice. This enhances a deeper approaches to tasks by altering the problems and analysing the previous experiences. Other skills include assertiveness, competence and awareness at workplace. The sports industry has laws, regulations and ethics that practitioners are required to adhere to; an educated person will be equipped with these skills. |
| Do you consider yourself an inquisitive/curious person? Give examples; | It is a fact that I am a curious person. I often engage myself in conversations that will provide knowledge I desire. Moreover, I ask questions when I want to get information. The fear of the unknown does not drive my passion to get information. I am always determined to learn at all times and do no focus on looking smart. |
| Do you consider yourself to have a good memory? Give examples; | I have a good memory that is evident in various ways. an example for this is the fact that I can remember most of the concepts taught in class. I apply the theory captured by my brain, in class, and effectively apply this knowledge without referring to any reading materials. |
| Do you pay attention to detail? Give examples where you have and where you failed to - and the consequences | In most cases I pay attention to all details whether even the smallest ones while learning or practising. An example involves the competition degree in sports vary depending on the sport. A sport like athletics has a variety of competitions like swimming, wrestling and basketball. These activities have different rules that include the details. My failure to look into details led to confusion between two sporting activities; netball and basketball. I was unable to differentiate between these two games. |
| Are you happy to sit in a social space without pretending to be engaged in a book or phone -are you a ‘People watcher?’ (not in the stalker sense!) | I feel comfortable looking at my environment than looking at my phone or book. As a matter of fact, I would prefer talking to individuals around me on relevant issues since I am a social person. The environment is fun to watch and learn from it through observations as well as engaging with the environment. |
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| Do you remember Names? What are the strategies to help you improve? | I can remember not many names. I can only remember names that are familiar as well as those that sound famous and popular. The best strategy to improve on these is to use fewer names that should be recorded for further reference. I should frequently take a look at the recording of these names. |
| Do you remember Faces? What strategies could you adopt to improve? | I have an excellent memory in remembering the faces of different people. This is most effective if the person actively engages in a conversation or present a unique personality and appearance. However, this can be enhanced through collection of pictorials of the individuals with their names. |
| How good are you at following instructions? | I accurately follow instructions to the latter. I ensure to all the details are addressed and the results are as per the instructions provided. In addition, I also ask questions on unclear instructions for clarification. |
| Do you rely on a navigation device to get you from place to place or do you have a good sense of direction? | I have a good sense of directions and usually do not use navigation devices. However, in unclear areas I tend to use navigation devices like an application on the mobile phone, google map for directions. |
| Is there a ‘detective’ side of you? Give examples | I investigate extensively while conducting a research. I am inquisitive on important issues and always ensure to find solutions to problems especially in research studies. This shows the detective side of me. |
Independent task
+ Find 2 journal articles that use a qualitative/ interpretive paradigm, are based on empirical research, and analyse a key issue from your course focus. For example PE, Sports, Sport management development, Football (300 words each) For each one
Reference the paper as if you are including it in a reference page. For example Smith, P. (date) ‘title ………journal title ..press etc. see Harvard style for journals.
What were the objectives of the study?
What methodology did it use ?
What qualitative methods did it use?
How did they analyse the data?
Summarise the findings.
| Date Setting Time Explain Task 1 What were you asked to do? What directions were you given? Told to walk in a single file line from one point to another. 1. Walk in twos, 2. Don’t make any noise 3.Walk in a Line 4. 5. 6. The first exercise how did you do? The instructions were very simple however I was slightly confused as I didn’t see the purpose of the exercise. Explain Task 2 What were you asked to do? What were the directions? 1.Sit down 2. Get notepads out 3. Reflect on how it went 4. Answer test questions 5. 6. The second exercise how did you do? I did considerably better I scored3 more than the previously. |
Week 42 Observation
Date :
Time:
Room:
You need to bring this on a laptop or print it out for use in your seminar.
Los By the end of this seminar you will be able to;
Reflect upon your skills of observation
Develop your skills of observation
identify observational strategies that can help you conduct meaningful observation
Enable you to reflect upon yourselves as ‘new qualitative researchers’ and help you to identify what skills you need to develop over the next few weeks.
| What are your perceived skills to date in the following research skills: | (Use full sentences and descriptive writing with examples) Answers |
| Listening | My listening skills are accurate. I have excellent informational, therapeutic and creative listening skills. I can effectively hear and understand audible sound. |
| Writing accurately | My writing skills are perfect. I can write grammatically correct sentences and phrases in English. I hardly make errors like incorrect spelling or punctuations. |
| Writing fast | My writing speed depends with the source. My writing speed while referring to a reading material is not fast compared to if I being dictated the notes. I accurately write fast during a dictation. |
| Reading fast | I can read English texts fast without experiencing any challenges. I can do this observing all the verbal and non-verbal aspect in text like punctuations and exclamations. |
| Reading and understanding text | I can read and understand texts when doing it slowly. This will ensure effective interpretation, by my brain, of the information from the text. |
| Identifying smells | My sense of smell functions effectively. However a prolonger smell becomes normal to my nose, in the absence of fresh air. |
| Observing and Noticing detail | My observation skills discovering skills are good. I am often keen and can identify mistakes in objects and situations that have faults. I can also discover or recognize new things and changes. |
| Mins | Detailed Observation The Participant Is a black male with an average build, He is about 6”4 Participant walked into the room with hands in pockets in a full Nike branded tracksuit. When seated the participant now has an upright posture whit legs spread apart. He has placed his hands his knees and keeps adjusting them Participant is looking around the room while fidgeting his feet. Participants bored facial expression. After 4 minutes he is now looking down at the floor resting his chin on his hand. Participant’s mood seems to have clearly changed. After 5 minutes he is now constantly checking his phone and feet are now stretched forwards Participant continues to go on on their phone checking social media. |
Week 44 Field Observation sheet Task 1 (copy more sheets if required)
Location: Time: Participants:
| mins | Detailed Observation |
Week 44 Field Observation sheet Task 2 (Copy more sheets if required)
Location: Time: Participants:
| Week 44 Reflections 3. How Difficult did you find the ‘insider’ Observation 1 ? Why? | The participant sitting position is a challenge. He spreads his legs with his hands on his knees. His mood has changed to being bored, and is constantly checking his phone. |
| 4. Did you start with the ‘context’ the body - (gender, ethnicity, age, ability, markers? ) | The participant is a black man who appears to be disabled. His legs seem to be the problem. |
| 5. What ‘categories’ or ‘bricolage’ on the body did you observe first ? E.g. clothing, | I observed that the participant wore a full branded Nike tracksuit |
| 6. Can you see a time it would be difficult to always be truthful? | It will be difficult to be truthful the moment issues concerning disability will be presented. This is because the participant is disabled and might get emotional. |
| 7. How did difficult you find the ‘outsider’ task 2 Observation? | |
| 8. Was the ‘Outsider Observation easier or harder than the ‘insider’ and why? |
| 9. Did you manage to Observe without them realising? Was it easier to be ‘truthful’ and why? | |
| 10 What strategies did you use so ‘your cover was not blown’? | |
| 11. What is this observation called? Is it ethical? | |
| 12. We read’ bodies as text’ -what social markers did you observe about your participants around sociological concepts such as their identity? | |
| Culture? Class? | |
| Consumer Culture? |
You are about to select a setting for you mini ethnography - Using the literature discuss the pros and cons of ‘insider’ (a setting you are already in) vs ‘Outsider’ settings (a setting new to you). (200 academically written words with references from Qualitative authors).
Week 45 Semiotics as Data Analysis
What is a Sign? (Use academic style)
Signs are an important part of human communication
A sign is an action, event, pattern or object that tries to relay a specific message of in formation about something.
2. What are the necessary two sides of a sign and explain each using references?
a.
b.
3. What are the 3 types of signs?
( give examples and use academic style)
a. Iconic signs - these are signs whose meaning is defined from the similarity of the presentation of the sign. An example is well drawn tree.
b. Indexical signs- these signs have a cause-effect relationship. This is between the sign and the meaning of the sign. An example might be the colours of the rainbow.
c. Symbolic signs- these signs present a convectional and arbitrary link. An example is the word “Arbor” in German signifies a tree.
(.
| Date Time Room : 4 Sign | Signifier | Signified |
| White colour | Purity, peace, light, safety, cleanliness, spirituality. Faith and virginity | |
| Black colour | Sadness, power, elegance and mystery | |
| Red colour | Love, danger, blood, seduction and anger | |
| Blue colour | Calmness, imaginations, inspiration and loyalty | |
| Purple colour | Luxury, wealthy, loyalty, mystery, magical and creativity | |
| A woman wearing a black dress | Power, discipline, mystery and elegance | |
| Woman wearing a red dress | Attraction and sexually attractive. |
| Date Time Room 5 Sign | Signifier | Signified |
| Woman in a wedding dress | Bride at a wedding | |
| Pink rose flower | Grace, joy and gratitude | |
| White rose flower | Purity, youthfulness and innocence | |
| Olympic rings | The five continents of the world, Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and America | |
| Nike Swoosh | Motion and speed | |
| Date Time Room Add 7 more of your own Sign | Signifier | 6. Signified |
| A bitten apple | Apple company’s logo. | |
| Cross | Christianity, the cross which Jesus was crucified on. | |
| A man on a horse that is galloping | Polo logo | |
| Skull and two bones | Danger | |
One of the processes of analysing textual content is Open Coding.
Open Coding includes labelling concepts, defining and developing categories based on their properties and dimensions.
It can be used to analyse qualitative data and is often part of many methodologies for example Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Auto-Ethnography, ….
Please watch the following videos this week and write a 6 bullet main point summary on each
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0usNyQKIMNU
1. Coding work is work that one does at a very small scale
2. The aggregate of this work is to develop an understanding how the codes work together to inform a theory about a broader question.
3. Codes can be related to one another and they can be grouped in one category.
4. An explanation can be built from categories that are from codes established at the textual level.
5. Categories develop theories and explanations
6. There should be similarity, difference, sequencing and frequency between the patterns of the codes.
Week 46 Examples of Analysing Data – Semiotics and Coding What is a Signifier? What is a Signified? One of the processes of analysing textual content is Open Coding. Open Coding includes labelling concepts, defining and developing categories based on their properties and dimensions. It is used to analyse qualitative data and part of many Qualitative Data Analysis methodologies/tools 1. Look at the collection of objects how could you open ‘code’ them? By appearance taste, sixe of the sweet , type of wrapper 2. Suggest some first glance themes that you can see? Colour groups, content of the sweet, size of the sweet, cop 3. The next observation is from a similar still life than you did earlier in the unit. Back then we were only learning skills of detailed observation. Read the whole detailed observation again and get a feel of what is in front of you - Jot down notes as you read in the margins then pick out any signifiers and signified meaning from text. I have given you an example of how to code – (things can fall into more than one theoretical code) add more as you pick out the signifiers and suggest the signified. Using the observation sheets below cut and paste your observations from your last observation into the detailed observation column (if you have not got it then you will have to observe again or use the example) then start to pick out the signifiers and signified making sure they line up horizontally. Lastly code the sheets making sure there is a ‘Key’ at the top of the page that links each colour to a code.
Event Plan Wisp Design
| Date Time Venue participants Detailed Observation | Signifier | Signified | Theme/ Critical analysis | |
| A empty original flavoured bottle with the words Lucozade which has been squashed and has dents on the side of the bottle. The bottle has red and orange packaging with a red it promises ‘energy on the go’ | Bottle with these colours and design energy | Lucozade brand ‘energy drink’ enhanced performance | Sponsorship Health and fitness Industry | |
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Event Plan Wisp Design
| Week 46 Date Time Venue participants Detailed Observation | Signifier | Signified | Theme/ Critical analysis | |
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Event Plan Wisp Design
| Date Time Venue participants Detailed Observation | Signifier | Signified | Theme/ Critical analysis | |
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1. What were the main themes that ‘emerged’ from the table ? 2. How can you easily tell from your coded sheets what ‘themes’ are the most dominant? 3. Why will this be important in your own raw data? 4. How did you find this task? 5. What can you do to improve your semiotic analysis and coding ? 6. What will you have to do before you enter your own setting to get a starting point for understanding the research focus and possible initial codes? 6. The observations will also give you some tentative codes, but how will new themes emerge and from whom? 7. Please watch the following video on textural analysis and make notes (min 300 words) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zFcC10vOVY
WEEK 47 Your research focus for this task is ‘’let toys be toys”: the social construction of gender through play’ for this task your ‘review of literature’ and therefore theoretical framework comes from the findings of the following studies. Please read; http://lettoysbetoys.Org.Uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/lettoysbetoys-advertising-report-dec15.Pdf https://drjoannehill.Wordpress.Com/2018/03/09/gender-colouring-books/
Task 1
Your research position for this task is a‘ social constructivist’ lens what does this mean?
How does the researchers ‘position’ (in this case social constructivist) influence how the researcher designs and analyses the research?
Answers
Task 2
’let toys be toys”: the construction of gender through play’
3. What are the academic themes coming through the literature?
4. Using the skills you have built up over the unit make notes in the margins to ‘memo’ initial thoughts. Pick out the signifiers and signified to suggest how this toy shop has been socially constructed and suggest what signs/meanings have been produced by the toy companies and consumed by the reader.
| Memo Observation | Signifier | Signified |
| Toys Targeted towards female children | ||
| Barbie Dolls | ||
| 5. Key Code | Colour assigned to this code |
| For example Beauty | Beauty |
| Masculinity | |
| Action | |
| Household Items | |
5. What ‘themes’ have you have obtained from the readings and the semiotic analysis you have done so far in the observation and memo (initial thoughts)? Build the key of codes that have emerged so far. (make sure they are fitting for the focus and the social constructivist positioning). Add more lines if needed.
6. Using your key (add to it as you go) code the next toy adverts.
| 6. Image | Detailed Observation | Signifier | Signified | Critical Analysis |
| 7. Image | Detailed Observation | Signifier | Signified | Critical Analysis | |
Reflect on the following:
8. What are the main the ‘signifiers’ of ‘Girls Toys’?
9. What are the main signified meanings socially construct girls play?
10. What are the main the signifiers for ‘Boys Toys’?
11. What are the main signified meanings are associated with boys play?
9. Do you feel as if you are improving in your skills of analysing and coding data
12. Complete Word Clouds
‘Boys Play
Boys Sport/PA
13. Complete Word Clouds
Girls Play
Girls Sport/PA
14. Explain how the social construction of toys have a relationship with how girls and boys ‘play Sport’? Give examples. 15. Why is it crucial that you as you as future coaches, teachers, managers and parents understand how gender is socially constructed though play? 16. How can you challenge these stereotypes?
7. Reflect on your growing ability to ‘analyse data’
