EXCEL GRAPH

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Question.1: In this assignment you need to plot graphs on excel for below?

1. Linearity

2. Accuracy

3. Precision

4. Range

5. Specificity

· All data or numbers required for graph and calculations are in attached excel file.

· You can check online and for above 5. And if needed please add Colum and rows in excel.

· For more information about (how do I get results )see below in reference section .

Linearity Testing Results

Work to be done: For triplicate readings (see attached excel sheet) from each operator at each standard ‘% NaCl’ concentration, plot a graph of the calculated potentiometer reading (y-axis) versus the corresponding standard NaCl solution concentration used (x-axis) in MS Excel and calculate the following from the graph:

· Correlation coefficient

· Slope of Regression Line

· Y-intercept

· Standard Deviation (SD)

· Relative Standard Deviation (RSD)

Standard NaCl solution Concentration used (%):

Record the calculated results in the table below and attach the printout(s) of the graphical plot(s).

Operator #	Replicate #	Test Statistic Parameter	Calculated Value of Test Statistic Parameter
		Correlation Coefficient
		Slope of Regression Line
		Y-intercept
		SD
		RSD

Report the average value of each calculated test statistic parameter (for each operator) in the table below:

Operator #	Test Statistic Parameter	Average Value of Calculated Test Statistic Parameter
1	Correlation Coefficient
	Slope of Regression Line
	Y-intercept
	SD
	RSD
2	Correlation Coefficient
	Slope of Regression Line
	Y-intercept
	SD
	RSD
3	Correlation Coefficient
	Slope of Regression Line
	Y-intercept
	SD
	RSD

Accuracy Testing Results

Use the formula below to calculate the ‘% Accuracy’ and ‘% Error’ values.

% Accuracy = Calculated % Concentration Value * 100

Target % Concentration Value

% Error = (Calculated % Concentration Value – Target % Concentration Value) * 100

Target % Concentration Value

Note: The absolute value of the difference between calculated and target % concentration values should be used for calculations.

Standard NaCl solution Concentration (%):

Use the table(s) below to report the ‘% Accuracy’ and ‘% Error’ values (along with the respective average values) for each operator.

Operator #	Run #	‘% Accuracy’ value	Average ‘% Accuracy’ value

Operator #	Run #	‘% Error’ value	Average ‘% Error’ value

Range Testing Results

Standard NaCl solution Concentration (%):

Record the results in the table below:

Operator #	Test Statistic Parameter	Minimum value	Maximum value
	Correlation Coefficient
	Slope of Regression Line
	Y-intercept
	SD
	RSD

For Reference see below

Title: Test Method Verification for Testing Raw Material Sodium Chloride Using Potentiometric Titrator.( finding % of Nacl concentration in raw material salt)

Procedure for experiment

1. Purpose / Objective:

The purpose of this Test Protocol is to establish through objective evidence that the analytical method used for the automatic potentiometric titrator consistently produces results that meet all predetermined requirements under the anticipated (nominal) conditions.

Specifically, the method validation should be able to meet the following objectives:

0. Ensure through rigorous testing that the precision and consistency are in accordance with the acceptance criteria.

0. Assess the effect of variables (within the pre-determined operating range) on the method used.

0. Identify any discrepancies observed during testing and suggest suitable corrective measures.

0. Establish confidence on the testing method used.

0. Ensure that control is exercised on the used method.

1. Scope:

The scope of testing described in this protocol is limited to the automatic potentiometric titrator located in Room ‘LAB’ at the

Background:

Analytical Test Method Validation (ATMV) is the process of demonstrating that an analytical method used is suitable for its intended purpose. The analytical method should be performed only when the instrument qualification (on which the method needs to be validated) is complete.

System suitability parameters will be selected prior to performing method validation. To ensure reproducibility and reliability, three (3) replicates of data would be generated for each testing parameter. Testing would be performed by a total of three (3) different operators.

1. Process Summary:

An important consideration prior to beginning any test method validation is to verify that the system is adequately designed, maintained, calibrated and validated. The following method validation characteristics are generally acceptable and applicable in a wide variety of scenarios:

1. Accuracy

1. Linearity

1. Range

1. Precision

1. Abbreviations & Definitions:

Item	Description
Accuracy	How close is the measured value to the “true” value. The difference can be described as the Systemic error (inaccuracy, bias) in the method.
Linearity	Linearity evaluates the analytical procedure’s ability (within a given range) to obtain a response that is directly proportional to the concentration (amount) of analyte standard.
Range	Range is the interval between the upper and lower concentrations (amounts) of analyte in the sample (including these concentrations) for which it has been demonstrated that the analytical procedure has a suitable level of precision, accuracy, and linearity.
Precision	Reproducibility- The ability of the laboratory to duplicate results time after time on different days and with different operators. Measures Random error the precision or imprecision can be expressed in CV% from the calculated standard deviation SD and mean. Repeat measurements of samples at varying concentrations, within-run and between run over a period of time should be performed.

1. Materials & Equipment:

NM E.#	Description	Date Last Calibrated	Recalibration Due Date	Equipment Range	Operational Range
376	Automatic Potentiometric Titrator	04/19/2019	04/19/2020	0.01 to 39.50%	0.50 to 5.00%
268	Balance	08/09/2017	08/09/2019	0 to 600g	0 to 600g
N/A	Glassware – Beakers	N/A	N/A	0 to 500mL	0 to 100mL

1. Sample Size Determination:

Sample size per testing parameter per operator shall be three (3).

Example: For each of the three (3) different concentrations of NaCl solution (for each of the ‘<1% NaCl’, ‘1 – 2.5% NaCl’, and ‘>2.5% NaCl’ methods on the potentiometric titrator), the testing would be performed in triplicates by each operator. The total number of operators shall be three (3).

1. Procedures:

6. Standard Solution Preparation Procedure:

Prepare the standard solutions for the three (3) different Sodium Chloride (NaCl) concentrations indicated for each of the methods listed below, respectively:

0. < 1% NaCl

1. 0.02% NaCl solution

1. 0.06% NaCl solution

1. 0.10% NaCl solution

0. 1 – 2.5% NaCl

1. 1.0% NaCl solution

1. 1.5% NaCl solution

1. 2.0% NaCl solution

0. > 2.5% NaCl

1. 2.6% NaCl solution

1. 2.8% NaCl solution

1. 3.0% NaCl solution

For example: In order to prepare a 0.02% NaCl solution, perform the following steps:

1. Place a weighing paper on a calibrated balance and tare the balance.

1. Measure 0.02 g of NaCl on a weighing paper.

1. Add 100 mL of USP purified water in a beaker.

1. Add the NaCl to the beaker.

1. Stir the solution until NaCl is completely dissolved and the solution appears homogeneous.

1. Repeat the above steps for preparing NaCl standard solutions for the other four (4) concentrations accordingly.

6. Automatic Potentiometric Titrator Operating Procedure:

0. Place a waste beaker under the dispensing tube and press ‘Burette’ followed by ‘Tip’.

0. Switch ‘ON’ the titrator using the switch located at the back of the equipment.

0. Allow the equipment to power up and wait until the display screen prompts for any action.

0. Press the ‘Enter’ key when prompted.

0. Place a waste beaker under the dispensing tube and press ‘Burette’ followed by ‘Tip’.

0. Press ‘Rinse Tip’ again if there are any air bubbles in the dispensing tube. If bubbles are still present, press ‘Prime Burette’ and enter ‘1’.

0. Press the ‘Select Method’ button.

0. Scroll up and down the display screen to highlight the appropriate method from the list.

0. Select the highlighted method on the display screen and sample size according to Table 1.

Table 1

% NaCl	Titrator Method	Sample Size
0.02	< 1% NaCl	5mL
0.06
0.10
1.0	1 – 2.5% NaCl	2mL
1.5
2.0
2.6	> 2.5% NaCl	1 mL
2.8
3.0

0. Press ‘Select Method’, then highlight the appropriate titrator method and press ‘Enter’.

0. Draw the appropriate volume of the test sample and add it to a clean beaker.

0. Add 50mL of USP Grade water to the beaker and mix the solution.

0. Add 10mL of 1.5M Nitric Acid (HNO3) to the beaker and mix the solution.

0. Adjust the stirrer so the ISE, stirrer, and dispensing tip are below the samples surface.

0. Ensure that the 0.1N Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) bottle is filled with the solution and the dispensing tube is completely inserted into the solution.

0. Press ‘Start’.

0. At the end of the titration, ‘Titration Complete’ message will be displayed on the screen along with the measured concentration. The result is expressed in ‘% Chloride’ (%Cl-).

0. Record the results on the form and use the formula indicated in the form to convert the result to ‘%Sodium Chloride’ (% NaCl).

1. Acceptance / Rejection Criteria:

0. The Correlation Coefficient for each standard NaCl concentration level (for each operator) shall be ≥ 0.999.

0. The calculated Y-intercept for each standard NaCl concentration level (for each operator) must be ±2%.

0. The acceptance criteria for ‘Range’ will be defined as the standard NaCl concentration interval that yields a precision of ±3% [reference] of the RSD (for each operator).

1. Results:

[Provide Test Protocol results in detail. NOT REQUIRED FOR TEST PROTOCOL APPROVAL.]

Raw Data Sheet

Standard NaCl solution Concentration (%):

Measurement	Sample #1	Sample #2	Sample #3
Test Sample Volume (mL)	0.0497	0.0494	0.0495
USP Purified Water Volume added (mL)	50	50	50
Volume of HNO3 added (mL)	10	10	10
Conversion Factor [CF] for %Cl- to %NaCl	1.65	1.65	1.65
Potentiometer Reading [PR]	0.06081	0.06039	0.0613
Calculation (%) = [PR]*[CF]	0.10034	0.09965	0.09921
% Accuracy
Result of Titration Test (Check One)	\|X\| PASS \|_\| FAIL