Assignment due

Stroked and the Effect of Music Therapy

Introduction

There have been many therapy methods for individuals who are recovering from a stroke that have been used in the process of ensuring that those individuals feel better. These therapy methods are usually patient specific depending on ……. Research has specifically been done examining the effect that music has on patients with stroke. Music is usually recommended because stroke usually causes damage to the muscles of the body. Music therapy therefore can be a priority to patients who have suffered from stroke. This paper will look at stroke and the effect that music therapy has on recovery. An extensive literature review will examine the effect that music therapy has on stroke recovery By way of illustration, this paper will detail a specific patient that participated in music therapy.

Liu, et. al. (2021) compared the effect that music therapy had on patients with stroke compared to other conventional therapies or no therapies at all. The research in this case focused more on the improvement of language function in post-stroke aphasia. The researchers collected data from six independently screened reviews on studies that were considered to be eligible, extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality. The study included 115 patients and the methodology done by Liu et al (2021) ranged from poor to excellent. The results that were collected in this case were very positive and had positively attributed to the effectiveness of music therapy when it comes to the process of improving the state of health among the patients with post-stroke aphasia. Specifically, after the research was carried out on the patients in both the controlled and the uncontrolled groups, the results all indicated that the patients who had post-stroke aphasia and had been subjected to music therapy showed significant improvements in different areas of their muscles and language performance compared to the uncontrolled group. The research specifically found out that the subjects who had post-stroke aphasia and who were subjected to music therapy had significantly improved in functional communication, repetition and naming compared to the other patients where the other conventional therapy methods were used in them. The results in this case therefore significantly supported the fact that not only does music therapy help in the process of improving muscle coordination and balance but that also helps in ensuring that communication function among the patients who are severely affected by stroke is also improved.

Huang et al., (2021) evaluated the efficacy of music-supported therapy for stroke patients on mobility of the hands. The researchers used a randomized controlled trial and selected adults who had problems with hand functions directly caused by stroke. The researchers examined a total of 12 studies with a total of 598 stroke patients. After the study was conducted among the study group, the researchers observed that the controlled group improved in hand function and other muscle ability. Specifically, the research found that, compared to the control group, outcomes which included range of joint motion, hand strength, arm function, dexterity of hands were all improved. It is these results that supported the assertion that music therapy had positive effects on the hand function of patients and in the process helped the patients improve their quality of life (Huang et al., 2021). Based on the results that were deduced from this study that lasted for a period of 4-8 weeks with an average duration of 30 minutes per session of music therapy for every patient with stroke, the results showed that music therapy was very effective when it comes to improving not only the hand function of patients but also other daily activities in the lives of patients with stroke.

Street et al., (2020) examined the effectiveness of music based therapy on neurorehabilitation of patients with stroke. It assessed the feasibility and acceptability of the Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) services. involving 201 participants with stroke by examining the attitudes of patients and healthcare staff on its effectiveness and how they would rank its effectiveness. The results demonstrated that NMT services improved the mood and muscle coordination of the patients and in the process also improved the engagement of the patient in rehabilitation.

Pandey and Singaravelan (2019)examined the effect of music when it comes to the process of stimulating auditory which plays a role in triggering a sequence of both emotional and cognitive components . The objective was to understand the effect that music therapy has on depression, attention, and anxiety among patients diagnosed with middle cerebral artery stroke. The data was collected from a convenient sampling of 15 middle cerebral artery stroke patients. The researchers pretested attention, anxiety and depression using the Moss Attention Rating Scale (Authors, year), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Author, year), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Authors, year), respectively. After this data was collected, patients were introduced to music therapy in sessions of 30 minutes each for a month and then were post tested on the same areas of anxiety, depression and attention. The results were compared and the study concluded that music therapy had a significant impact when it comes to improving the attention of the patients. Overall, the results showed that there was a significant increase in the level of attention and depression. Music therapy was specifically considered to be more effective in cases when it was integrated with physiotherapy treatments. Researchers found out that using music in therapy helps in reducing cortisol hormone which is the hormone that increases stress. Music was also attributed to have the ability to raise the dopamine hormone which is considered to be a motivational neurotransmitter which helps in the process of relaxing the mind.Sumakul, Notobroto, Widani, and Aima (2020) wanted to determine the effectiveness of instrumental music therapy, specifically when it comes to the process of reducing depressive symptoms among stroke patients. The researchers used a quasi-experimental pre-posttest design with a random sample of 60 patients with stroke. The participants were subdivided into three groups: instrumental music therapy, standard treatment and the combined group.

The results showed that the combined treatment group had significant improvement in reducing the level of depression. This research demonstrated that music therapy and integrating this with other contemporary therapies, when involving treating patients with stroke would help in the process of ensuring that depression is reduced and therefore putting patients at a better position to recover than using other conventional therapies without integrating music therapy.

For each article reviewed, you should state the purpose of the study, briefly describe the participants, their methods, their results, and their conclusions. Then critique the study (i.e., any benefits, limitations, anything missing that you would do differently.

At the end of the section of your last article, you have the summarize the studies and provide a conclusion statement. Then follow that with a statement of the problem, the purpose of your study, and end with your research questions.

*** Above are the notes I received on this draft that are being used as in an introduction to a 60-page thesis. The study will be on stroke and music therapy. The articles I used are below, but more information is needed. I just need this paper edited and perfected with the above comments in yellow fully included.

Work cited

Huang, W. H., Dou, Z. L., Jin, H. M., Cui, Y., Li, X., & Zeng, Q. (2021). The effectiveness of music therapy on hand function in patients with stroke: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 624. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.641023/full

Liu, Q., Li, W., Yin, Y., Zhao, Z., Yang, Y., Zhao, Y., ... & Yu, J. (2021). The effect of music therapy on language recovery in patients with aphasia after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurological Sciences, 1-10. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10072-021-05743-9

Pandey, S., & Singaravelan, R. R. M. (2019). Effect of music therapy on cognitive function and mood in patients with middle cerebral artery stroke. Int J Health Sci Res, 9, 151-157. https://www.academia.edu/download/63944430/2320200717-22391-1sarp7m.pdf

Sumakul, V. D. O., Notobroto, H. B., Widani, N. L., & Aima, M. H. (2020). Instrumental music therapy reduced depression levels in stroke patients. Journal of Public Health Research, 9(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc7376470/

Street, A., Zhang, J., Pethers, S., Wiffen, L., Bond, K., & Palmer, H. (2020). Neurologic music therapy in multidisciplinary acute stroke rehabilitation: could it be feasible and helpful?. Topics in stroke rehabilitation, 27(7), 541-552. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10749357.2020.1729585