Music/Society Modern Wrld (W6)
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WomenIntro-Suffrage.pptxMusic and Women’s Suffrage (in the US)
Intro to Women’s Movements (US)
Women’s movements, aka Feminism are often divided into 4 general waves; although, some critique this segmentation as it divides a continuous movement, and often oversimplifies history; but for heuristic (learning) purposes we will use it here
First Wave – 1840s – 1920s
Focus: suffrage (right to vote) (pre-1865, active in anti-slavery abolition movement)
Second Wave – 1960s – 1980s
Focus: women’s right to work, reproductive rights (birth control, abortion), sports (Title IX), critique of patriarchy (male dominance), sexual/domestic violence
Third Wave – 1990s – 2010
Focus: sexual harassment (i.e., Anita Hill); Intersectional: overlap of race, gender, and class; moves online (blogs, websites, etc.); spurred by punk music Riot Grrrl
Fourth Wave – 2010 – present
Focus: more inclusive of LGBTQ women; continued focus on sexual harassment (#Metoo); increased use of social media; equal pay for equal work;
First Wave (1840s – 1920s)
(although there were other women’s rights events, generally first wave American feminism is said to start here):
1848 - Seneca Falls Convention, New York – organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott; created document: Declaration of Sentiments
Throughout 19th Century – various Women’s economy acts; allowing women to own property, earn income, enter into contracts without husband’s consent
1869 – Wyoming, first state to give women right to vote (more states to follow in coming decades)
1869 – Susan B. Anthony & Stanton found National Woman Suffrage Association
1915 – first women admitted to American Medical Association
1916 – Margaret Sanger opens first birth control clinic
1920 – 19th Constitutional Amendment passed, granting all US women right to vote
1923 – first Equal Rights [constitutional] Amendment (ERA) proposed
Sounds of Suffrage
“Daughters of Freedom! The Ballet Be Yours” (1897) Music: Edwin Christie, Words: George Cooper
Dame Ethel Smyth “The March of the Women” (c. 1911) – anthem of the movement; sung before meetings, in jail cells, and at marches, etc.
“Songs of the Suffragettes,” Elisabeth Knight
