| | WEEK 7 EXCEL ASSIGNMENT 2, CHAPTER 8 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE-EXERCISE 7 |
| | A large health maintenance organization is interested in the prescribing patterns of physicians. |
| | Suppose that we selected a random sample of three patients for four diagnoses by three |
| | physicians. If a = 0.05, determine whether differences among the treatment, block and |
| | interactive effects are significant.. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Anova: Two-Factor With Replication |
| | | | Physician | | Analysis of Variance with Replication or Interaction | | | | | | | | Summary |
| | Diagnosis | A | B | C | | | | Physician |
| | 1 | 11,7,9 | 8,6,7, | 5,4,7 | | Diagnosis | A | B | C | | | 1 | A | B | C | Total |
| | 2 | 14,10,11 | 10,9,8 | 6,8,7 | | | 11 | 8 | 5 | | | Count | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 | | The data is reported in five main sections. The first four of these respond to the |
| | 3 | 4,5,3 | 5,5,6 | 3,4,2 | | 1 | 7 | 6 | 4 | | | Sum | 27 | 21 | 16 | 64 | | mean of each sample, grouped by diagnosis and physician, and to the mean of each |
| | 4 | 10,9,7 | 6,7,4 | 5,6,3 | | | 9 | 7 | 7 | | | Average (Mean) | 9 | 7 | 5.33 | 7.11 | | block or prescribed treatment. For example, the mean of each sample and row |
| | | | | | | | 14 | 10 | 6 | | | Variance | 4 | 1 | 2.33 | 4.36 | | appears in boldface. In the first section, the mean of the samples selected for diagnosis |
| | | | | | | 2 | 10 | 9 | 8 | | | | | | | | | 1 and physicians A,B, and C were 9, 7, and 5.33 respectively. The mean difference |
| | | | | | | | 11 | 8 | 7 | | | | | | | | | among prescribed treatment with diagnosis 1 was 7.11. The fifth section of the |
| | | | | | | | 4 | 5 | 3 | | | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 | | summary reports the results that are derived for each column or physician. In the |
| | | | | | | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | | | Sum | 35 | 27 | 21 | 83 | | last row of the summary data, the mean difference for physicians A, B, and C were |
| | | | | | | | 3 | 6 | 7 | | | Average (Mean) | 11.67 | 9 | 7 | 9.22 | | 8.33,6.75, and 5.42 respectively. |
| | | | | | | | 10 | 6 | 5 | | | Variance | 4.33 | 1 | 1 | 5.69 |
| | | | | | | 4 | 9 | 7 | 6 |
| | | | | | | | 7 | 4 | 3 | | | 3 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Count | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Sum | 12 | 16 | 14 | 42 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Average (Mean) | 4 | 5.33 | 4.67 | 4.67 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Variance | 1 | 0.33 | 4.33 | 1.75 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Count | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Sum | 26 | 17 | 14 | 57 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | Average (Mean) | 8.67 | 5.67 | 4.67 | 6.33 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Variance | 2.33 | 2.33 | 2.33 | 5.00 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Total |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Count | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Sum | 100 | 81 | 65 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Average (Mean) | 8.33 | 6.75 | 5.42 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Variance | 10.42 | 3.11 | 2.81 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ANOVA | | | | | | | | The ANOVA table is interpreted as follows. The source of |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | P-value | F crit | | variation identified as "sample" corresponds to the block effects |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Sample | 96.56 | 3 | 32.19 | 14.67 | 0.00001 | 3.01 | | or diagnoses, whereas the source identified as "columns" refers |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Columns | 51.17 | 2 | 25.58 | 11.66 | 0.00029 | 3.40 | | to the prescribed treatments by or physician effects. The row |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Interaction | 30.61 | 6 | 5.10 | 2.32 | 0.06529 | 2.51 | | identified as "interaction" contains results that pertain to the |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Within | 52.67 | 24 | 2.19 | | | | | interactive effects whereas the row identified as "within" refers |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | to the error term. A comparison of the calculated value of F |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | 231 | 35 | | | | | | with the critical value was used to reach the following conclusion: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Testing of hypothesis on interaction between physicians and diagnoses |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | (H0): There is no effect of interaction between the physicians and the diagnoses of the patients. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | H1: There is an effect of interaction between the physicians and the diagnoses. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | F = MS (interaction)/MS (within) | | 2.32 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Test statistic is equal to 2.32 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | The p value is 0.089 which is more than 0.05 significance level therefore we shall not reject the |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | null hypothesis. Conclusively, there is adequate evidence to support the claim that there is no |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | interaction effect between the diagnoses and the physicians prescribed treatments. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Testing the null hypothesis of the diagnosis effect on patients |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | H0: There are no diagnosis effects on patients. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | H1: There are diagnosis effects on patients. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | F = MS(sample)/MS (within) | | 14.67 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Test statistic equals to 14.67 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | The p value of 0.016 is less than the 0.05 significance level therefore the null hypothesis is |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | rejected. It can be concluded that there is adequate evidence to support that there are |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | diagnosis effects on patients. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Testing the Physicians Effects on the Patients |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | H0: there is no physicians effect on patients. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | H1: There is physicians effect on patients. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | F = MA(Sample/MS(within) | | 14.67 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Test statistic equals to 14.67 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | The p value of 0.023 is less than the significance level of 0.05 therefore, the null hypothesis is |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | rejected. It is concluded that there is adequate evidence to claim that the physicians have an |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | effect on patients. |