Written Capstone Change Project

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Literature Review

Wuraola Akindileni

Grand Canyon University

NRS 493: Professional Capstone and Practicum

Ellen Pavela, DNP, RN

Running head: ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE

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7/4/2021

Literature Review

Prevention of Obesity among school-going children is a critical issue that aims at improving the lives of those affected even into adulthood. Evidence-based research is needed in order to relate prevention guidelines to parents and caregivers of the target population of children in a school setting. The PICOT question states that: In obese and overweight school-going children, will evidence-based preventive guidelines compared to lack of education of obesity result in reduced weight and overall height over the course of one school year? It highlights possible intervention that falls under education of what obesity is and what measures to follow in order to guide healthy decisions in children now and in the long run. The purpose of this paper is to explain how current research supports the PICOT statement above.

Comparison of Research Questions

The research question of the first article being utilized speaks on the idea surrounding the development of the PICOT question rather than the actual PICOT. The question is “What practices are best for avoiding bias and stigmas associated with childhood obesity in the healthcare setting?” (Haqq et al., 2021). It can be utilized to formulate a presentation method on the topic change project. The second research study question, How prevalent are factors associated with childhood obesity in Nepal primary schools?, is similar to the PICOT question in terms of the demographic highlighted and can be seen in the other articles (Karki et al., 2019). The third research article, School-based secondary prevention of overweight and obesity among 8- to 12- year old children: Design and sample characteristics of the SNAPSHOT trial, provides a series of research questions that points to preventative guidelines as described in the PICOT question (Kubik et al., 2018). The fourth research article, Association of childhood obesity with risk of early all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A Swedish prospective cohort study, is more focused on the latter aspect of the PICOT question (Lindberg et al., 2020). It’s similar in that it focuses on the effects of ineffective methods relating to childhood obesity in terms of mortality rates. The fifth (A developmental cascade perspective of paediatric obesity: A systematic review of preventive interventions from infancy through late adolescence) and sixth (Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence) articles have research questions most similar to the PICOT question (St George et al., 2020; Weihrauch-Blüher et al., 2018). The research questions for the last two articles, Article 7(Neighborhood disparities in access to healthy foods and their effects on environmental justice) and Article 8 (Cultural Influences on Childhood Obesity in Ethnic Minorities: A Qualitative Systematic Review), are the least similar to the PICOT question but highlights information regarding cultural ad health disparities associated with childhood obesity that can help in the presentation of this project (Hilmers et al., 2012; Chatham et al., 2019).

Comparison of Sample Populations

The population of the PICOT question includes school-going children up to adolescents. The population of the first article, Complexity and stigma of Pediatric Obesity, is supportive of the PICOT population (Haqq et al., 2021). Although it compiles different studies with varying population age, it focuses extensively on children in a school setting. Article 2 (Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal) and Article 3(School-based secondary prevention of overweight and obesity among 8- to 12- year old children: Design and sample characteristics of the SNAPSHOT trial) are also both supportive of the PICOT population. They highlight factors associated with obesity in school children as well as preventative methods to counteract this problem (Karki et al., 2019; Kubik et al., 2018). The rest of the articles follow this trend of obese children as a sample population.

Comparison of Limitations of Studies

The major limitation of the solution to the PICOT question is compliance from the target population, the practicum setting and the parents/ caregivers of the target population. Similarly, the other articles also have some limitations. Articles 2 and 4 were performed in countries separate from the U.S. and include information with varying cultural practices, health risk concerns and much more. The rest of the articles support some aspects of the PICOT question and are limited in this way.

Conclusion

Each article utilized to support the PICOT question has several aspects that are comparable and some that can be expanded on. These aspects include research questions, sample population and limitations of studies. The trend seen in this paper is that the sample population of obese school-going children is consistent across the provided articles and the PICOT question with minor differences. These eight articles provided the best evidence to support the capstone PICOT question. Recommendations for the PICOT question include health question surveys and questionnaire from the parents/caregivers of the target population to collect information to be utilized for the project.

References

Chatham, R. E., & Mixer, S. J. (2019). Cultural Influences on Childhood Obesity in Ethnic Minorities: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Journal of Transcultural Nursing,

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1043659619869428

Haqq, A. M., Kebbe, M., Tan, Q., Manco, M., & Salas, X. R. (2021). Complexity and Stigma of Pediatric Obesity. Childhood obesity (Print), 17(4), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2021.0003

Hilmers, A., Hilmers, D. C., & Dave, J. (2012). Neighborhood disparities in access to healthy foods and their effects on environmental justice. American journal of public health.

Karki, A., Shrestha, A., & Subedi, N. (2019). Prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight/obesity among primary school children in urban Nepal. BMC public health, 19(1), 1055. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7406-9

Kubik, M. Y., Fulkerson, J. A., Sirard, J. R., Garwick, A., Temple, J., Gurvich, O., . . . Dudovitz, B. (2018). School-based secondary prevention of overweight and obesity among 8- to 12- year old children: Design and sample characteristics of the SNAPSHOT trial. Contemporary clinical trials, 75, 9-18. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2018.10.011

Lindberg, L., Danielsson, P., Persson, M., Marcus, C., & Hagman, E. (2020). Association of childhood obesity with risk of early all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A Swedish prospective cohort study. PLoS medicine, 17(3), e1003078. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003078

St George, S. M., Agosto, Y., Rojas, L. M., Soares, M., Bahamon, M., Prado, G., & Smith, J. D. (2020). A developmental cascade perspective of paediatric obesity: A systematic review of preventive interventions from infancy through late adolescence. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 21(2), e12939. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12939

Weihrauch-Blüher, S., Kromeyer-Hauschild, K., Graf, C., Widhalm, K., Korsten-Reck, U., Jödicke, B., Wiegand, S. (2018). Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence. Obesity facts, 11(3), 263-276. doi:10.1159/000486512