WK 4 REPLY NOTES

REPLY WK 4 NOTES

REPLY 4-1 JR (100 words with 1 reference)

According to Lippman, Mala in Se crimes are considered “inherently evil” even if it was not prohibited by the law (Lippman, 2019). Crime that would fall under the Mala in Se would be murder, rape, robbery. burglary, larceny, and arson (Lippman, 2018). Mala in Se crimes are considered inherently wrong because they serve as an act against humanity, and in turn harm and threaten other people. Mala in Se crimes, whereas Mala prohibita is not considered evil but still wrong because it is prohibited by a statue (Lippman, 2019). Mala Prohibita crimes are considered tax evasion, carrying a concealed weapon, leaving the scene of an accident, and being drunk and disorderly in public (Lippman, 2019). Mala in Se crimes are considered a felony and can be punished with extreme consequences, such as capital punishment, whereas Mala prohibita crimes may be punished with a fine or a much less server punishment, mainly due to the fact that they are not considered ‘inherently evil’ (Lippman, 2019). 

REPLY 4-1 EG (100 words with 1 reference)

Mala in Se means evil in themselves, and these types of crimes are considered inherently evil and would still be deemed evil even if there were no laws against it (Lippman, 2019). This type of crime would be considered inherently wrong due to the nature of the crime being a moral offense (considered a crime against humanity) and violating the norm of reciprocity (Davis, 2006). Crimes that would fall under this are kidnapping, robbery, rape, and murder (Lippman, 2019). These types of crimes are the most serious constituting intentional acts wherein the consequences are irrevocable (Davis, 2006). 

Mala prohibitum are crimes that are considered wrong due to there being a law saying that the action is a crime (Dige, 2012; Lippman, 2019).  Within the justice system, mala in se crimes are treated more seriously than mala prohibitum, this can be due to mala prohibitum crimes can be considered low-level (Davis, 2006). Some mala prohibitum crimes could be traffic violations, violating hunting restrictions, purchasing alcohol under the age of 21, driving under the influence, and tax evasion. Mala in se offense cause more outrage within communities and tends to leave an air of agreement on the seriousness of the crime more so than mala prohibitum (Davis, 2006). Mala prohibita crimes tend to be misdemeanors while mala in se offenses tend to be felonies which with a felony conviction an individual may be limited in the type of profession they go into, prevent federal assistance, and even adopting a child (Lippman, 2019).  

REPLY 4-2 JS (100 words with 1 reference)

Every inmate who is on death row has the right to physical and mental health treatment up until the moment of execution. To provide psychological treatment, the psychiatrist must gather the history of stressors or illnesses of the inmate prior to treatment. Although providing treatment may be helpful, it is actually harmful to the inmate. It worsens their mental illness. Most impactfully, psychological treatment can cause bereavement and bring hopelessness, morbid thoughts, and guilt (Yanofski, 2011).  

Providing psychological treatment to violent offenders is effective in reducing violent offending and recidivism. Offering treatments provide opportunities for offenders to practice and generalize societal skills in change-supportive environments (Papalia et al., 2019).  

Violent offenders have the opportunity to learn from their wrongdoings and grow to be better people and survive in society. Lastly, people who are dealt life sentences can also benefit from psychological treatment. There is a dehumanizing effect that results in hopelessness and loneliness after adapting to prison life. Inmates are vulnerable to the development of negative self-concepts, devaluation of life, and other destructive cognitions. People serving life must adapt to the reality that there is no future release or a sense of hope for release. Lifers are usually respected for surviving in prison and take on leadership roles to set a positive example for inmates. Having access to psychological treatment helps inmates emotionally and find a purpose to live their “new life” in prison (Knoll IV, 2009).