Summary

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February, 1945

Washington, March 24 - The text of the agreements reached at the Crimea (Yalta) Conference

between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Generalissimo Stalin, as released by the State

Department today, follows:

PROTOCOL OF PROCEEDINGS OF CRIMEA CONFERENCE

The Crimea Conference of the heads of the Governments of the United States of America, the United

Kingdom, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which took place from Feb. 4 to 11, came to the

following conclusions:

I. WORLD ORGANIZATION

It was decided:

1. That a United Nations conference on the proposed world organization should be summoned for Wednesday, 25 April, 1945, and should be held in the United States of America.

2. The nations to be invited to this conference should be:

(a) the United Nations as they existed on 8 Feb., 1945; and

(b) Such of the Associated Nations as have declared war on the common enemy by 1 March, 1945.

3. That the United States Government, on behalf of the three powers, should consult the Government of China and the French Provisional Government in regard to decisions taken at the present conference concerning the proposed world organization.

4. That the text of the invitation to be issued to all the nations which would take part in the United Nations conference should be as follows:

"The Government of the United States of America, on behalf of itself and of the Governments of the

United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics and the Republic of China and of the Provisional

Government of the French Republic invite the Government of -------- to send representatives to a conference

to be held on 25 April, 1945, or soon thereafter , at San Francisco, in the United States of America, to

prepare a charter for a general international organization for the maintenance of international peace and

security.

C. Voting

"1. Each member of the Security Council should have one vote.

"2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters should be made by an affirmative vote of

seven members.

"3. Decisions of the Security Council on all matters should be made by an affirmative vote of seven

members, including the concurring votes of the permanent members

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Territorial trusteeship:

It was agreed that the five nations which will have permanent seats on the Security Council should

consult each other prior to the United Nations conference on the question of territorial trusteeship.

The acceptance of this recommendation is subject to its being made clear that territorial trusteeship will

only apply to

(a) existing mandates of the League of Nations; (b) territories detached from the enemy as a result of the present war; (c) any other territory which might voluntarily be placed under trusteeship

II. DECLARATION OF LIBERATED EUROPE

The following declaration has been approved:

The Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and

the President of the United States of America have consulted with each other in the common interests of the

people of their countries and those of liberated Europe. They jointly declare their mutual agreement to

concert during the temporary period of instability in liberated Europe the policies of their three Governments

in assisting the peoples liberated from the domination of Nazi Germany and the peoples of the former Axis

satellite states of Europe to solve by democratic means their pressing political and economic problems.

The establishment of order in Europe and the rebuilding of national economic life must be achieved by

processes which will enable the liberated peoples to destroy the last vestiges of nazism and fascism and to

create democratic institutions of their own choice. This is a principle of the Atlantic Charter - the right of all

people to choose the form of government under which they will live - the restoration of sovereign rights and

self-government to those peoples who have been forcibly deprived to them by the aggressor nations.

To foster the conditions in which the liberated people may exercise these rights, the three governments

will jointly assist the people in any European liberated state or former Axis state in Europe where, in their

judgment conditions require,

(a) to establish conditions of internal peace; (b) to carry out emergency relief measures for the relief of distressed peoples; (c) to form interim governmental authorities broadly representative of all democratic elements in the population and pledged to the earliest possible establishment through free elections of Governments responsive to the will of the people; and (d) to facilitate where necessary the holding of such elections.

The three Governments will consult the other United Nations and provisional authorities or other

Governments in Europe when matters of direct interest to them are under consideration.

When, in the opinion of the three Governments, conditions in any European liberated state or former

Axis satellite in Europe make such action necessary, they will immediately consult together on the measure

necessary to discharge the joint responsibilities set forth in this declaration.

By this declaration we reaffirm our faith in the principles of the Atlantic Charter, our pledge in the

Declaration by the United Nations and our determination to build in cooperation with other peace-loving

nations world order, under law, dedicated to peace, security, freedom and general well-being of all mankind.

In issuing this declaration, the three powers express the hope that the Provisional Government of the

French Republic may be associated with them in the procedure suggested.

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III. DISMEMBERMENT OF GERMANY

It was agreed that Article 12 (a) of the Surrender terms for Germany should be amended to read as

follows:

"The United Kingdom, the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall

possess supreme authority with respect to Germany. In the exercise of such authority they will take such

steps, including the complete dismemberment of Germany as they deem requisite for future peace and

security."

The study of the procedure of the dismemberment of Germany was referred to a committee consisting of

Mr. Anthony Eden, Mr. John Winant, and Mr. Fedor T. Gusev. This body would consider the desirability of

associating with it a French representative.

IV. ZONE OF OCCUPATION FOR THE FRENCH AND CONTROL COUNCIL FOR GERMANY.

It was agreed that a zone in Germany, to be occupied by the French forces, should be allocated France.

This zone would be formed out of the British and American zones and its extent would be settled by the

British and Americans in consultation with the French Provisional Government.

It was also agreed that the French Provisional Government should be invited to become a member of

the Allied Control Council for Germany.

V. REPARATION

The following Protocol has been approved:

On the Talks Between the Heads of Three Governments at the Crimean Conference on the Question of

the German Reparations in Kind

1. Germany must pay in kind for the losses caused by her to the Allied nations in the course of the war.

Reparations are to be received in the first instance by those countries which have borne the main burden of

the war, have suffered the heaviest losses and have organized victory over the enemy.

2. Reparation in kind is to be exacted from Germany in three following forms:

(a) Removals within two years from the surrender of Germany or the cessation of organized resistance from the national wealth of Germany located on the territory of Germany herself as well as outside her territory (equipment, machine tools, ships, rolling stock, German investments abroad, shares of industrial, transport and other enterprises in Germany, etc.), these removals to be carried out chiefly for the purpose of destroying the war potential of Germany. (b) Annual deliveries of goods from current production for a period to be fixed. (c) Use of German labor.

3. For the working out on the above principles of a detailed plan for exaction of reparation from Germany

an Allied reparation commission will be set up in Moscow. It will consist of three representatives - one from

the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, one from the United Kingdom and one from the United States of

America.

4. With regard to the fixing of the total sum of the reparation as well as the distribution of it among the

countries which suffered from the German aggression, the Soviet and American delegations agreed as

follows:

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"The Moscow reparation commission should take in its initial studies as a basis for discussion the

suggestion of the Soviet Government that the total sum of the reparation in accordance with the points (a)

and (b) of the Paragraph 2 should be 22 billion dollars and that 50 per cent should go to the Union of Soviet

Socialist Republics."

VI. MAJOR WAR CRIMINALS

The conference agreed that the question of the major war criminals should be the subject of inquiry by

the three Foreign Secretaries for report in due course after the close of the conference.

AGREEMENT REGARDING JAPAN

The leaders of the three great powers - the Soviet Union, the United States of America and Great Britain

- have agreed that in two or three months after Germany has surrendered and the war in Europe is

terminated, the Soviet Union shall enter into war against Japan on the side of the Allies on condition that:

1. The status quo in Outer Mongolia (the Mongolian People's Republic) shall be preserved. 2. The former rights of Russia violated by the treacherous attack of Japan in 1904 shall be restored, viz.: (a) The southern part of Sakhalin as well as the islands adjacent to it shall be returned to the Soviet Union; (b) The commercial port of Dairen shall be internationalized, the pre-eminent interests of the Soviet Union in this port being safeguarded, and the lease of Port Arthur as a naval base of the U.S.S.R. restored; (c) The Chinese-Eastern Railroad and the South Manchurian Railroad, which provide an outlet to Dairen, shall be jointly operated by the establishment of a joint Soviet-Chinese company, it being understood that the pre-eminent interests of the Soviet Union shall be safeguarded and that China shall retain sovereignty in Manchuria; 3. The Kurile Islands shall be handed over to the Soviet Union.

It is understood that the agreement concerning Outer Mongolia and the ports and railroads referred to

above will require concurrence of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. The President will take measures in order

to maintain this concurrence on advice from Marshal Stalin.

The heads of the three great powers have agreed that these claims of the Soviet Union shall be

unquestionably fulfilled after Japan has been defeated.

For its part, the Soviet Union expresses it readiness to conclude with the National Government of China

a pact of friendship and alliance between the U.S.S.R. and China in order to render assistance to China with

its armed forces for the purpose of liberating China from the Japanese yoke.

Joseph Stalin

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Winston S. Churchill

February 11, 1945.

Source: A Decade of American Foriegn Policy : Basic Documents, 1941-49

Prepared at the request of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations By the Staff of the Committe and the Department of State.

Washington, DC : Government Printing Office, 1950