HISTORY
A99
WIP9IntegratedOutlinea.pptxPREPARING THE “INTEGRATED OUTLINE” An important step in writing the “long,” H400 (10-12 pp.) history paper.)
AGENDA
Review: Outlining Basics
Why an “Integrated Outline”?
Examine the parts
Practical exercise
Useful sources
What is an outline?
“An outline is a map of your essay. It shows what information each section or paragraph will contain, and in what order. Most outlines use numbers and/or bullet points to arrange information and convey points.”*
*George Mason University Writing Center
Why outline?
“Why create an outline? There are many reasons, but in general, it may be helpful to create an outline when you want to show the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information. For research papers, an outline may help you keep track of large amounts of information. For creative writing, an outline may help organize the various plot threads and help keep track of character traits. Many people find that organizing an oral report or presentation in outline form helps them speak more effectively in front of a crowd.”*
*Purdue Owl
What does the outline do?
Aids in the process of writing
Helps you organize your ideas
Presents your material in a logical form
Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing
Constructs an ordered overview of your writing
Defines boundaries and groups*
Plus: Ensures you have the sources for your argument
*Purdue Owl
OUTLINE EXAMPLE: Alphanumeric, sentence outline (FROM Wikipedia)
Thesis statement: E-mail and internet monitoring, as currently practiced, is an invasion of employees' rights in the workplace.
I. The situation: Over 80% of today's companies monitor their employees.
A. To prevent fraudulent activities, theft, and other workplace related violations.
B. To more efficiently monitor employee productivity.
C. To prevent any legal liabilities due to harassing or offensive communications.
II. What are employees' privacy rights when it comes to electronic monitoring and surveillance in the workplace?
A. American employees have basically no legal protection from mean and snooping bosses.
1. There are no federal or State laws protecting employees.
2. Employees may assert privacy protection for their own personal effects.
B. Most managers believe that there is no right to privacy in the workplace.
1. Workplace communications should be about work; anything else is a misuse of company equipment and company time
2. Employers have a right to prevent misuse by monitoring employee communications
The dilemma: You have a plan but, sitting down to write your first draft, you realize you don’t know where to find the evidence for your argument.
The solution: the “integrated outline.”
What is an “integrated outline”?
“An integrated outline is a helpful step in the process of organizing and writing a scholarly paper . . .. When completed the integrated outline contains the relevant scholarly sources (author's last name, publication year, page number if quote) for each section in the outline. An integrated outline is generally prepared after the scholar has collected, read and mastered the literature that will be used in the research paper.”*
Shields, Patricia and Rangarjan, N. 2013. A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management. (Quoted in Wikipedia)
Why do an “integrated outline”?
It allows you to combine two requirements (outline and annotated bibliography) into one.
It enables you to see if you have the appropriate evidence for the points you plan to make.
It provides you a well-developed start point for writing your first draft.
Example of an Integrated Outline#1
Example of an Integrated Outline#2
Format for your integrated outline:
Alphanumeric: Roman numerals for main points, capital letters for supporting points, cardinal numbers for subordinate information
Sentence: Every entry is a complete sentence (and, ideally, serves as a topic sentence for your first draft).
“Integrated”: Each subordinate point gives a reference, a source for the evidence you are providing.
1-2 pages, double-spaced, due 7 Feb.
THE ESSAY QUESTIONS
1. How well suited was the American Way of War for fighting the limited wars that the nation has fought since 1945? What are the implications of your answer for today’s military professionals?
2. Despite the United States’ economic, technological and military advantages, why did it have an uneven record of victory since 1941? What are the implications of your answer for today’s military professionals?
3. How successful has the US military been at learning from history since 1945?
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
The (notional) essay question: “Since 1941, what has been the most significant aspect of the “American Way of War”?
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
The (notional) essay question: “Since 1941, what has been the most significant aspect of the “American Way of War”?
Your tentative thesis: “Since 1941, air power has been the most important characteristic of the American Way of War.”
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
The (notional) essay question: “Since 1941, what has been the most significant aspect of the “American Way of War”?
Your tentative thesis: “Since 1941, air power has been the most important characteristic of the American Way of War.”
Your main points:
I. World War II saw the emergence of air power as a central feature of US strategy and operations.
II. US reliance on nuclear deterrence made airpower the most important aspect of US military strategy in the early Cold War.
III. Wars in Korea and Vietnam saw air power adapt to a limited war environment.
IV. Operation Desert Storm was a conclusive demonstration of air power’s decisive role.
Task: Using your H400 Homework Matrix, take the first main point (World War II) and add subordinate points with references.
“I. World War II saw the emergence of air power as a central feature of US military strategy and operations.”
Where are the sources? (Which of these lessons deal with air power?)
Task: Using your H400 Homework Matrix, take the first main point and add subordinate points with references.
“I. World War II saw the emergence of air power as a central feature of US military strategy and operations.”
A. President Roosevelt saw US air power as a principal method for winning World War II. (H401)
B. Air power—in the form of carrier aviation and the “Cactus Air Force”-- was key to winning the first US offensive campaign at Guadalcanal. (H402)
C. The USAAF’s bombing campaign enabled the Allies to dominate the skies over Europe. (H403/H404)
“I. World War II saw the emergence of air power as a central feature of US military strategy and operations.”
A. President Roosevelt saw US air power as a principal method for winning World War II. (M401RE Pearlman, “Force Structure, Mobilization, and American Strategy for Global Coalition Warfare”)
B. Air power—in the form of carrier aviation and the “Cactus Air Force” was key to winning the US’ first offensive campaign at Guadalcanal. (H402RA Shaw, “First Offensive” and H402RB Mahnken, “Asymetric Warfare at Sea”)
C. The USAAF’s bombing campaign enabled the Allies to dominate the skies over Europe. (Murray, “Strategic Bombing” and H404RA Weigley, “The Strategic Tradition of U.S. Grant”)
A Q&A note on sources:
Q: Can you use sources from outside the H400 course readings?
A: Yes, the course advance sheet says you are “encouraged” to use CARL library?
Q: Can you get an “A” on the H400 paper without using outside sources?
A: Yes.
Once more on format:
Alphanumeric: Roman numerals for main points, capital letters for supporting points, cardinal numbers for subordinate information
Sentence: Every entry is a complete sentence (and, ideally, serves as a topic sentence for your first draft).
“Integrated”: Each subordinate point gives a reference, a source for the evidence you are providing.
1-2 pages, double-spaced, due 7 Feb.
QUESTIONS?
