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Chapter  2:   Managing  Stress  and  Well-­‐Being  

Developing  Management  Skills  

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Learning  Objec;ves  

1.  Eliminate  stressors   2.  Develop  resiliency   3.  Cope  with  stress  in  the  short  term   4.  Enhance  personal  well-­‐being  

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Managing  Stress  and  Fostering   Well-­‐Being  

•  Costs  US  economy  $500  billion  annually   •  Stress  related  problems  at  work  include:  

– Absenteeism   – Turnover   –  Job  DissaJsfacJon   – Accidents   – Physical  Health  of  Employees  

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Lewin’s  Force  Field  

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Coping  With  Stress  

A  Hierarchy  of  Approaches   EnacJve  Strategies:  Eliminate  stressors   ProacJve  Strategies:  Develop  resiliency   strategies  

ReacJve  Strategies:  Learn  temporary   coping  strategies  

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A  General  Model  of  Stress  

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Four  Sources  of  Stress  

1.  Time  Stressors   2.  Encounter  Stressors   3.  SituaJonal  Stressors   4.  AnJcipatory  Stressors  

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Types  of  Stressors  

•  Time  Stressors   – Work  overload   – Lack  of  control    

•  Encounter  Stressors   – Role  conflicts   – Issue  conflicts   – AcJon  conflicts  

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Types  of  Stressors  

•  SituaJonal  Stressors   – Unfavorable  working  condiJons   – Rapid  change  

•  AnJcipatory  Stressors   – Unpleasant  expectaJons   – Fear  

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Elimina;ng  Stressors  

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Effec;ve  Time  Management  

1. Spending  Jme  on  important   maUers  

2. DisJnguishing  between  important   tasks  versus  urgent  tasks  

3. Focus  on  results  rather  than   methods  

4. Not  feeling  guilty  when  saying  “no”  

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Types  of  Ac;vi;es  that   Determine  Time  Use  

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Efficient  Time  Management  

40  Techniques  for  Time   Management  

•  20  apply  to  all  aspects  of  life   •  20  apply  to  management  

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Community  

EliminaJng  encounter  stress   through  membership  in  a  stable,   close-­‐knit  group  or  community.  

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Emo;onal  Bank  Accounts  

A  metaphor  which  compares   investments  in  relaJonships  to   deposits  and  withdrawals  in  bank   accounts.  The  more  people   interact  posiJvely,  the  more   deposits  are  made.  

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Contribu;on  

Centers  on  what  individuals  can   give  compared  to  what  they  can   get  (assisJng  others,  helping  to   make  something  beUer,  fostering   improvement  in  something).  

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Four  Dimensions  of  Social   Intelligence  

1.  An  accurate  percepJon  of   other’s  emoJonal  and  behavioral   responses.  

2.  The  ability  to  cogniJvely  and   emoJonally  relate  to  the   responses  of  others.  

3.  Social  knowledge   4.  Social  problem  solving  

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Work  Redesign   • EffecJvely  eliminaJng  stress  and   increasing  producJvity  by  changing   aspects  of  work.  

• To  eliminate  stressors  at  work:   –  combine  tasks   –  form  idenJfiable  work  units   –  establish  customer  relaJonships   –  increase  decision-­‐making  authority   –  open  feedback  channels  

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EliminaJng  AnJcipatory  Stressors   through  Goal  Seang  

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Small  Wins  Strategy   •  IdenJfy  something  under  your  control   •  Change  it  in  a  way  that  leads  toward  

desired  goal   •  Find  another  small  thing  to  change  and  

change  it   •  Keep  track  of  changes  made   •  Maintain  the  small  gains  made  through  

change    

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Resiliency  

The  capacity  to  withstand  or   manage  the  negaJve  effects  of   stress,  to  bounce  back  from   adversity,  and  endure  difficult   situaJons.  

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Balancing  Life  Ac;vi;es  

Insert  figure  2.6  

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Meaningfulness  In  Work  

Well  established   relaJonship  between   engaging  in  meaningful  work   and  posiJve  outcomes.  

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Meaningfulness  In  Work  

Reduces         •  Stress   •  Depression   •  Turnover   •  Absenteeism   •  DissaJsfacJon    

  Increases         •  Well-­‐Being   •  Resiliency   •  Commitment   •  Effort   •  Engagement  

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Meaningfulness  In  Work  

Three  types  of  meaning:   Job:  do  work  primarily  for  the  financial   or  material  rewards  it  provides   Career  Orienta;on:  moJvated  by   accomplishment  and  success   Calling:  driven  by  the  meaning   associated  with  the  work  itself    

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Meaningfulness  In  Work  

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Meaningfulness  In  Work  

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Gra;tude  

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•  Higher  physiological  health,   cogniJve  funcJon,  and  substanJally   higher  job  performance  

•  MoJvates  others  to  express   graJtude  (self-­‐perpetuaJng)  

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Gra;tude  

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Temporary  Stress  Reduc;on   Techniques  

• Physiological  Techniques   –  Muscle  relaxaJon   –  Deep  breathing  

• Psychological  Techniques   –  Imagery  and  fantasy   –  Rehearsal  

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Behavioral  Guidelines  

• Address  stress  by  first  trying  to  eliminate   stressors,  then  focus  on  developing   resiliency  and  well-­‐being  

• Use  proven  Jme  management  pracJces   • Build  collaboraJve  relaJonships  with   individuals  based  on  mutual  trust,   respect,  honesty,  and  kindness  

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Behavioral  Guidelines  

• Consciously  work  to  improve  your   emoJonal  intelligence  

• Try  redesigning  your  work  to  increase  its   skill  variety,  importance,  task  idenJty,   autonomy,  and  feedback  

• Reaffirm  prioriJes  and  short-­‐term  goals   that  provide  direcJon  and  focus  to   acJviJes  

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Behavioral  Guidelines  

• Increase  your  psychological  resiliency   through  life  balance,  especially  by   consciously  engaging  in  physical,   intellectual,  cultural,  social,  family,  and   spiritual  acJviJes  

• Increase  hardiness  by  implemenJng  a   small-­‐wins  strategy  

• Learn  at  least  one  relaxaJon  technique   and  pracJce  it  regularly  

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Behavioral  Guidelines  

• Increase  social  resiliency   • IdenJfy  meaningfulness  in  work  that  is   more  important  to  your  own  reward  

• Establish  contribuJon  goals  that  make  a   difference  to  those  around  you  

• Implement  at  least  one  graJtude   pracJce  

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Copyright  Informa;on  

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