Reply to each discussion post (minimum 50 words each). Your responses to peers need to be substantive, with constructive suggestions, critique, or insights. You are expected to use in-text citations and list of references to support your posts

respond substantively to at least TWO of your classmates’ posts. Do not just “agree”.  This means that you should be continuing the discussion, adding to your classmate’s argument, asking questions, and/or providing an alternative viewpoint.  Minimum of 50 words.

Ronalyn Molina

WK 2 Discussion

· Similarities:

· both theories or models were developed in attempts to understand, explain, and predict preventive behavior (linked with attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control that affect behavioral intentions) (Glanz et al., 2015, 90)

· both have constructs relating to social consequences or subjective norm

· Differences:

· HBM:

· modifying factors + individual beliefs = action

· may be useful "when one is attempting to overcome women's personal barriers to obtaining mammograms" (Glanz et al., 2015, 58)

· TPB

· attitude + subjective norm = behavior intent

· “Aimed to explain health and nonhealth behaviors, such as condom use, organ donation, and voting” (Glanz et al., 2015, 90).

· May be useful “in developing smoking cessation inerventions (Glanz et al., 2015, 58)

· A systematic method

· Strengths

· HBM

· Consider a person's opinions into perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers.

· strength in predicting health behaviors in cross-sectional and experimental intervention studies (Glanz et al., 2015, 90)

· Useful in informing intervention design and evaluation and identifying correlates of health behavior (Glanz et al., 2015, 90).

· TPB

· Important when interviewing new topic areas and with populations from different cultures globally (Glanz et al., 2015, 90).

· Weakness

· HBM

· “Unclear about how the constructs interact and how to interpret the data” (National University, n.d.)

· “Difficulty in correctly operationalizing the constructs” (National University, n.d.). 

· “Most studies have been cross-sectional or retrospective” (National University, n.d.).

· TPB

· “Personality and demographic variables are not taken into consideration.” (National University, n.d.)

· “There is much ambiguity regarding how to define perceived behavioral control and this creates measurement problems” (National University, n.d.).

· Assumption is made that perceived behavioral controls predict actual behavioral control. May not always be the case (National University, n.d.).

· “TPB only works when some aspect of the behavior is under volitional control” (National University, n.d.).

·  “The longer the time interval between behavioral intent and behavior, the less likely the behavior will occur” (National University, n.d.).

· “The theory is based on the assumption that human beings are rational and make systematic decisions based on available information. Unconscious motives are not considered” (National University, n.d.).

References

Glanz, K., Viswanath, K., & Rimer, B. K. (Eds.). (2015). Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice (5th ed.). Wiley.

National University. (n.d.). The Health Belief Model [PowerPoint]. Brightspace. Retrieved October 5, 2022, from  https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/38689/632/Week%20Two/4.%20HEALTH%20BELIEF%20MODEL%20604.ppt

National University. (n.d.). The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)/Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) [PowerPoint]. Brightspace. Retrieved October 5, 2022, from  https://nationalu.brightspace.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/38689/632/Week%20Two/5.%20THEORY%20OF%20PLANNED%20BEHAVIOR%20604.ppt

Yanira Wilson

The health belief model is:

·

·

·

· Perceived susceptibility-the subjective likelihood of a person developing a specific health issue. 

· Perceived seriousness-the consequences (effects) of the illness, medically or societal. 

· Perceived benefits-beliefs surrounding the cure of illness.

· Perceived barriers-what’s the prognosis of the illness/disease

· Cues to action-actual symptoms of illness/disease process

· Self-efficacy-confidence level of overcoming illness/disease

The Theory of planned behavior :

·

·

·

· Behavioral beliefs-belief system of the person. Cultural values

· Normative beliefs (subjective norms)-what will people think? Your conscious speaking to you

· Attitudes-contributes to your belief system. This is a persons way of thinking and emotional manifestations. 

· Intention to perform the behavior-personal intent of behavior

                   The theory of planned behavior and the health belief model both deal with an individual's decisions, therefore they have many characteristics. The values ingrained in a person are relevant whether they choose to engage in or refrain from engaging in a planned conduct. Both of these behavioral models take into account the individual's culture. The behavior a person acts on or doesn’t makes up for their cultural background. 

                   The difference between the models is that TBM focuses on an individual's perception rather than their attitude toward particular activities. The theory of planned behavior takes into account the cultural, psychological, and intentional aspects of a particular behavior. Consider those who are sexually promiscuous. When they use the TBM, individuals are thought to be engaging in behavior that has the potential to result in a variety of lifelong illnesses and disorders. The act's satisfaction is what they consider to be the benefit. The behavior's prognosis will be bad because of all the negative effects. Due to the behavior's persistence, the person's confidence in being able to stop it may be low. The person's attitudes will be extremely important in helping the habit end if I employ the TPB. For instance, if we are able to comprehend the individual's cultural values and prevailing ideas, we may be able to discover an intervention. The willingness of a person to take part in any given action to improve habits is still another shortcoming in both models.

Yanira

Viswanath, K.G.B.K.R. K. (2015). Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice (5th ed.). Wiley Professional Development (P&T).  https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781118629000