Week Three Coalition Testimony Individual Presentation 8-12 SLIDES
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WeekThreeCh5-8-16Mediaadvocacy.pptxChapter 5
Social Determinants of Health
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Policy Implications of Social Determinants of Health
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Frieden, TA, (2010)A Framework for public health: the health impact pyramid. AJPH;100(4); Also found on page 42, text: PPPH
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Social and Economic Policy and Preventive Health
Social and economic policy interventions will likely improve the well-being of children, youth, and families
Early Childhood
In comparison to households of 2x the FPL, children who live in poverty
Complete fewer years of schooling
Work fewer hours
Receive food stamps at higher rates
More likely to report poor health
About 50% more likely to be overweight in adulthood
Early childhood care and education policies to increase accessibility for low-income families:
Head Start
Child Care Development Fund
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Social and Economic Policy and Preventive Health
Education and Policy
Those that help prevent school dropout and support higher educational attainment can also function as preventive health interventions.
More education = increases in life expectancy,
Increase in years of education results in living longer and healthier lives
1% increase in of Americans with some college education could save $1.3 billion per year in avoidable medical care for diabetes
School based health programs and policies
School based health centers
substance abuse prevention
mental health programs
pregnancy prevention
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Social and Economic Policy and Preventive Health
Asset Building/ wealth inequality
Policies to support wealth building can act to prevent social and economic disparities.
Child Development Accounts (CDAs) provide resources to reach milestones such as postsecondary education.
Longitudinal study: CDA leads to better social and emotional development for the most socially disadvantaged young children who received a $1,000 CDA at birth
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Neighborhood, Community, and Economic Development
Living in a neighborhood with a low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased risk of mortality compared with living in a neighborhood with a high SES
Community development policies that promote better housing options have been shown to enhance safety and reduce the likelihood of being exposed to crime
Health in All Policies
National Prevention Strategy with focus on housing quality and cross-sector collaboration in community development planning to improve health
Health Impact Assessment
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Neighborhood, Community, and Economic Development – Education & Health Initiative (EHI)
Led by Virginia Commonwealth University Center on Society and Health
Raise awareness about the implications of educational attainment for health outcomes
Bridge the disconnect between researchers and policymakers
Message for leaders in health policy was better education could reduce disease rates and help control the rising costs of health care
Message for education leaders was the health benefits of improved education could strengthen reasons for policy and funding
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Neighborhood, Community, and Economic Development – Education & Health Initiative (EHI)
Scientific findings of the relationship between education and health with four sets of materials
Multiple products (issue briefs, videos, web content) aimed at specific audiences
Watch these videos for research findings about the link between education and health.
Education: It Matters More to Health than Ever Before
Trends in the relationship between education and health
Why Education Matters to Health: Exploring the Causes
Causal pathways by which education may impact health outcomes
Health Care: Necessary But Not Sufficient
Demonstrates among patients with same access those with lower levels of education tend to have poorer self-rated health, higher rates of diabetes mortality, and higher rates of illness
Education & Health: The return on Investment
Explains how budget cuts in education intended to save money may ultimately drive up healthcare costs
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Neighborhood, Community, and Economic Development – Education & Health Initiative (EHI)
Strategic Communication: Multifaceted communications strategy
Short videos and graphics to raise awareness of the education–health connection, issue briefs and web-based content
Presentations at academic conferences
Media coverage for the briefs included articles in:
National Public Radio (NPR) affiliates
Coverage in the newsletters or mailing lists of organizations such as: The National Conference of State Legislatures, the National Governors Association, the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and the American Public Health Association
Twitter, content was shared by a number of influential voices in the spheres of public health and education 3.3 million impressions.
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Chapter 8
Public Policy & Physical Activity
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A large proportion of Americans are not getting enough daily physical activity and efforts are needed to promote an increase in “lifestyle” activity or ways to build in more physical movement, and less sedentary time, into the daily lives of Americans
Policies can play an important role in promoting lifestyle physical activity by making the choice to be physically active the “easy choice”
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IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM: PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AND CONSEQUENCES
2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans established guidelines
Adults: Weekly 150 mins - moderate intensity activity or 75 mins - vigorous intensity activity
Children : Daily: 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day
36.5% of children and 41.1% of adults met these guidelines in 2009–2010
rates have shown little improvement over the last decade
physical activity prevalence varies by population subgroup
Female, older age, Hispanic, having lower levels of education, and having a higher body mass index (BMI = less physically active.
Prevalence of physical inactivity is also of concern and varies by state:
In 33 states, ¼ population report NO leisure-time physical activity
Prevalence of inactivity and increasingly sedentary behaviors = increase in adverse health effects
Technology coupled with reduced physical activity in occupational work, home/domestic work, and travel have all contributed to an increasingly sedentary population
Second edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans is coming
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Public Policy Strategies Related to Physical Activity
Overarching policy and environmental strategies:
Creating or enhancing safe places for physical activity
Enhancing physical education and physical activity in schools
Supporting street and community-scale designs that facilitate physical activity
Policies can reduce barriers that inhibit physical activity, such as
Automobile-oriented transportation systems
Community designs that require driving
Sedentary jobs
Lack of physical education in schools
Lack of or poorly maintained parks and public spaces
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Public Policy Strategies Related to Physical Activity
Requires collaboration and interaction among a wide variety of stakeholders and policymakers
Cooperation and creating a shared vision of varied goals and objectives
Increasing the number of children who walk or bicycle to school will inevitably increase the time students spend being physically active. Key stakeholders reported a variety of reasons for supporting the policies:
Traffic abatement around the school (public safety officials)
Reduced bus costs (school administration)
Better student attention and focus for lessons (teachers)
National Physical Activity Alliance: http://www.physicalactivityplan.org
2010 U.S. National Physical Activity Plan
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Advocacy for Physical Activity Policy
Advocacy for physical activity policy : first step increasing awareness of impact of environment and policy on activity
Communicating with key decision-makers
provide evidence-based and easy to understand arguments
Policies promoting physical activity can impact other aspects of the community
Requiring sidewalks and bike lanes on streets for active transportation - may affect automobile travel
“Traffic calming measures” can cause controversy in transportation planning or community
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Case Studies pp.170-174
Case for Physical Education Policies
Case of Complete Streets Policies
Case of Gas Prices and Physical Activity
Break into three groups to review and assess each case study
General background surrounding each policy type
Present FOUR main take-aways from each case study
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Chapter 16
Communicating Research to Help Influence Policy and Practice
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Policymaking Environment Learn about the Formal Policymaking Process in the Jurisdiction of Interest
Policymakers system has formal rules:
legislative or regulatory policymaking,
funding decisions
implementation
Learn about rules within specific jurisdictions
time period allowe : when a new bill or regulation may be introduced, or
procedure to follow: how committee hearings with witnesses are held
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Communicating with Policymakers
ALWAYS BEST and whenever possible:
Select an individual who resides within the policymaker’s jurisdiction
Policy maker may not consider testimony
May not accept testimony at a hearing about a new ordinance from non –resident.
“Standing”
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Policymaking Environment Understand Policymaker Characteristics
Know your audience!!
Understand demographic characteristics
learn characteristics and preferences of policymaker(s) of interest
What characteristics can you think of that we may want to learn about the policymaker?
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Communicating with Policymakers Policymaking Environment Understand Policymaker Characteristics
Internet searches for policymakers opinions and beliefs
Voting records
Sponsored or proposed legislative bills
News media stories
Social media
Political party affiliation
Donors
Assess level of interest for a specific topic or issue: personally impacted?
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Communicating with Policymakers Policymaking Environment Build Relationships with Policymakers and Gatekeepers (Aides/staffers)
Policymakers rely on aides or assistants
decide who has direct access to policymakers
information to which they are exposed
Build relationships via in-person meetings & regular communication
Identify /Use their preferred communication channels
Build trust:
Follow through on promises
Thank them
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Communicating with Policymakers Policymaking Environment
Provide Information Subsidy: Provide information they can readily use or adapt
May lack expertise or knowledge on the issue
Clear & concise information (oral, visually or in writing)
Compelling and actionable arguments to support the policy.
Know your Role: Advocacy on your own behalf vs representing an organization or coalition
As a citizen, you have leeway
On behalf of an organization, Know your area of expertise and don’t speak outside of it
Portray your organization’s party line
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Communicating with Policymakers Policymaking Environment Seek Media Attention
Elected officials pay close attention to news media stories, especially those they consider relevant to their constituents
Gain supportive media coverage for a policy issue is important to get the attention of policymakers
Media advocacy: Communication via mass media intended to influence a policymaker or a vote.
Media can help with “ground softening” for the policymaker
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Communicating with Policymakers Policymaking Environment Media Advocacy terms and concepts
Agenda Setting
Framing and the default frame
Media bites are concise statements that increase the chance that their most important points are repeated.
succinct, straightforward statement
analogy that brings a picture to mind
evokes strong, shared values
Statement that makes magnitude of a problem more visible
Social math makes large numbers “comprehensible and compelling by placing them in a social context that provides meaning”
Dorfman,L. & Krasnow, I. (2014) Public health and media advocacy. Annu. Rev. Public Health.35:293-306. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org
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Communicating with Policymakers Communication Planning
Communication planning consists of devising the strategy, and creating messages, for policymakers
Persuade policymakers to approve a new public health policy that is evidence-based and highly likely to be effective
An active strategy will be needed
Coordinated with supporting organizations & other allies
Building partnerships and coalitions provides a united front among supporters
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Communicating with Policymakers Communication Planning Develop the Storyline (Meta-message)
Storyline (meta-message) is at the core of planning
Meta Message : major conclusion one is trying to convey to policymakers
Public health policy storylines are usually straight- forward because they are the policies themselves:
All children must be vaccinated against MMR before entering elementary school
Manufacturers must install Safety Device B in motor vehicles beginning in Year 20XX
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Communicating with Policymakers Communication Planning Select the Messenger/Source
Formal Testimony – “To Whom Will They Listen?”
Should be from within the policymakers jurisdiction
Credibility
Fair/unbiased
Provides accurate, relevant information about the issue
Science /health background- or not
Personal experience
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Communicating with Policymakers Communication Planning Develop and Deliver the Message
Created with the goal of convincing policymakers that:
there is a public health problem, and
the new public health policy will solve or alleviate the problem.
They may think about
What is the “price” to solve the problem?
How does this help my constituents
Will this decision make me look good (to voters? To media?)STATE Major conclusion first, then back it up with key messages that provide the rationale used to support the storyline (meta message, i.e., the public policy)
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Communication Planning Develop and Deliver the Message Communicating Data
Incorporate data into testimony or policy briefs defines and demonstrate the magnitude of a public health problem
The number of people impacted and the expected positive impact of the new policy
Use public health surveillance data (the more local the data, the better)
Reduce complex data into understandable information
Metaphors: In Los Angeles, there are more tanning salons than schools, supermarkets, and gas stations combined
Narratives like personal testimony can support research
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Communication Planning Develop and Deliver the Message Communicating Data: Visuals
Visuals are used to present data and demonstrate magnitude, highlight changes, or make comparisons to increase understanding and interpretation by the target audience
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Bar charts: Magnitude; patterns; relative differences
Communication Planning Develop and Deliver the Message Communicating Data: Visuals
Pie charts: Proportions; magnitude;
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Communication Planning Develop and Deliver the Message Communicating Data: Visuals
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Line graphs: Trends over time; Increases, decreases, stability
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Communication Planning Develop and Deliver the Message Written materials: Policy briefs, fact sheets
Sample policy brief: Hep C Policy Brief
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Communication Planning Develop and Deliver the Message In-Person Meetings- Legislative hearing:
Involve expert testimonies to policymakers, followed by questions from legislators
Testimony is short. Prepared in advance and read
Data presented (posters, slides, handouts)
Come well-prepared to communicate key messages, and responding appropriately to questions
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Communication Planning Develop and Deliver the Message In-Person Meetings Face-to-face
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Communicating with Policymakers: Anticipate Potential Opposition Arguments and Strategies
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Communicating with Policymakers:
Follow up : Thank them, and if information is requested of you send within 24-48 hours
When communicating with policymakers it is important to:
Have a good understanding of the policymaking environment
Communication planning: creating a strategy and developing key messages
Other challenges and barriers may arise that may derail progress
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Reference
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Eyler, A.A., Chriqui, J.F., Moreland-Russell, S.M., & Brownson, R.C. (Eds.).
(2016) Prevention, policy, and public health (1st ed.) New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Dorfman,L. & Krasnow, I. (2014) Public health and media advocacy. Annu. Rev. Public Health.35:293-306. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org
