Please reply to the discussion post. There are two discussion post below. Please respond to each post with a minimum of ONE PARAGRAH FOR EACH POST

Please respond to the two peer discussion post in a minimum of one paragraph each.

Kelsey Kennedy 

Week 1 Discussion 3

COLLAPSE

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What definition of public health best describes public health in the 21st century

 

Charles-Edward Amory Winslow, definied public health as, “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort”. (Rubens et al., 2014) With the increased technological innovations in the shift in how public health has practiced in the last century, this is the most concurrent definition to apply to the 21st century. The global public health system has been restructured within the 21st century and how diseases and health are surveyed and tracked within the system. The consistent reliance on technology to better the public health system continually grows with the changes in nanotechnology and artificial intelligence. The surveillance has been able to become digitized due to increased technology and an example is that  with nanotechnology the system is able to predict a rise in the U.S. flu cases approximately 1-3 weeks before they occur.  Systems such as “Google Flu Trends” have predicted flu outbreaks earlier than traditional disease surveillance systems. However, there are some disadvantages to these systems as well because it relies on data provided by people who have access to Internet and use it for health information. (Rubens et al., 2014)

 

The CDC has implemented the Public Health 3.0 21st Century model. This has been establish to strengthen the Public Health system across the board. Public Health 3.0 builds on the extraordinary successes of our past Public Health 1.0 refers to the period from the late 19th century through much of the 20th century when modern public health became an essential governmental function with specialized federal, state, local, and tribal public health agencies. During this period, public health systematized sanitation, improved food and water safety, expanded our understanding of diseases, developed powerful prevention and treatment tools such as vaccines and antibiotics, and expanded capability in epidemiology and laboratory science. This scientific and organizational progress meant that comprehensive public health protection — from effective primary prevention through science-based medical treatment and tertiary prevention — was possible for the general population. (DeSalvo et al., 2017)

 

DeSalvo KB, Wang YC, Harris A, Auerbach J, Koo D, O’Carroll P. Public Health 3.0: A Call to Action for Public Health to Meet the Challenges of the 21st Century. Prev Chronic Dis           2017;14:170017. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.5888/pcd14.170017.

 

 

Rubens, M., Ramamoorthy, V., Saxena, A., & Shehadeh, N. (2014). Public health in the twenty-  first century: the role of advanced technologies. Frontiers in public health, 2, 224.        https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00224

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Ruby Navarro 

Week 1 Discussion 3

COLLAPSE

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What definition of public health best describes public health in the 21st century?

In the study conducted in 1988, by the prestigious Institute of Medicine (IOM) defined public health in the United States as “fulfilling society interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy” (Bernard J. Turnock, 2016)

In this week reading there are three definitions used to describe the definition of Public health;  “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort”;   “Successive re-defining of the unacceptable”;  “fulfilling society’s interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy” – Table 1-3 (Bernard J. Turnock, 2016)

Three core functions of Public Health; assessment, policy development and assurance. This concept is a reflection of Winslow’s definition, describing how and what public health does “… the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort for the sanitation of the environment, the control of communicable infections, the education of the individual in personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and for the development of the social machinery to insure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health, so organizing these benefits as to enable every citizen to realize his birthright of health and longevity.” Pg. 6 (Bernard J. Turnock, 2016) these were Winslow thoughts.

Other definitions have come up in the past also such as the belief that over time public health activities combined with the interaction of infections and diseases in the communities can lead to phenomena  “what do we know” and “What do we choose to do with that knowledge”, (Bernard J. Turnock, 2016)

Also, British Industrialist Geoffrey Vickers added to the public health definition ““The landmarks of political, economic, and social history are the moments when some condition passed from the category of the given into the category of the intolerable. I believe that the history of public health might well be written as a record of successive re-definings of the unacceptable.” (Bernard J. Turnock, 2016) Through Vickers definition we see the connection to social justice, recognizing the shift between science and social values. WE can identify the tracing of public health through out the times, how and why different communities and societies experience and respond to health risks.

So, with all the that we learned each definition gives insight into what public health is, what it does for everyone. All definitions describe a social enterprise and system that is unique and important. (Bernard J. Turnock, 2016)

References

Bernard J. Turnock, M. M. (2016). Essentials of Public Health. Burlington, MA, United States: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

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