Please reply to the discussion post. There are two discussion post below. Please respond to each post with a minimum of ONE PARAGRAH FOR EACH POST

Diabetes in the Asian population

Karlo Cordova

My specific health problem is diabetes in the Asian population. The intervention on an individual level include diet that is high in nutrients, physical exercise of at least 150 minutes per week, and management on medications that increase insulin production. Overall, Asians tend to have a diet high in sodium and need small changes to their diet along with their fitness. The intervention on an interpersonal level are lifestyle factors, such as family influence on what you eat and family support, where this can lead to reduced stress and healthier behavior. An organizational intervention is the availability of medication and how it affects the body of Asians. All medication that lower blood sugar depend on many factors, such as age, general health, other medical conditions, or taking over medications. (Babar et al., 2019). The organizational interventions to help Asians would relate to healthcare service coordination. This organizes patient care activities and shares information to all who are concerned with a patient's care to achieve safer and more effective care (Williams et al., 2019). In terms of public policy, these interventions include transportation, treatment costs, and medication costs (Taylor, 2020). Those who have diabetes, may not have the resources available to pay for treatment or their medications to stay in good health, so there must be change in the price of medication when the demand is high. 

Babar, Z. U., Ramzan, S., El-Dahiyat, F., Tachmazidis, I., Adebisi, A., & Hasan, S. S. (2019). The Availability, Pricing, and Affordability of Essential Diabetes Medicines in 17 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries.  Frontiers in pharmacology,  10, 1375.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01375

Taylor S. I. (2020). The High Cost of Diabetes Drugs: Disparate Impact on the Most Vulnerable Patients.  Diabetes care,  43(10), 2330–2332.  https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0039

Williams, M. D., Asiedu, G. B., Finnie, D., Neely, C., Egginton, J., Finney Rutten, L. J., & Jacobson, R. M. (2019). Sustainable care coordination: a qualitative study of primary care provider, administrator, and insurer perspectives.  BMC health services research,  19(1), 92.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-3916-5

Diabetes Prevalence in American Indians and Alaska Natives

Jasmyn Brown

Among US adults aged 18 years and older, the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes was highest in American Indians and Alaska Natives (14.5%) (CDC, 2020).

Individual- Not everyone is aware of the diabetes epidemic until either they or a loved one encounters one of many health complications associated with it. It may be beneficial that health providers begin to counsel/educate American Indians and Alaskan Natives on the risks and complications of diabetes. 

Interpersonal- With respect to diabetes, social support has been associated with better diabetes self-management and better metabolic control (Whittemore et al., 2004). Social support can be established by bringing families and/or individuals of the same tribal nation together to share and discuss experiences.

Organizational- Health-promotion programs through institutions have a significant influence on health and health behaviors (Whittemore et al., 2004). Faith-based institutions and/or places where people gather for religious practices can incorporate educational programs on diabetes and risks.

Community- People who are a part of the American Indian and Alaskan Native population share significant health barriers to health care. Community campaigns through tribal nations should be done to spread awareness and help reduce the diabetes disparities.

Public Policy- Diabetes disparities are due to the lack of funding tribal nations receive from the federal government. Only 5 tribal nations are federally recognized, leaving other American Indian communities relying on state-funds, if possible. The Special Diabetes Program for Indians is something the federal government can fund for a variety of American Indian and Alaskan Native communities. This program proved that moderate to small weight loss was associated with reduced long-term risk of diabetes (Jiang et al., 2018)

CDC. (2020, August 7).  Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes | Diabetes | CDC. Www.cdc.gov.  https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/diagnosed-diabetes.html

Jiang, L., Johnson, A., Pratte, K., Beals, J., Bullock, A., & Manson, S. M. (2018). Long-term Outcomes of Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Diabetes in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: The Special Diabetes Program for Indians Diabetes Prevention Program.  Diabetes Care,  41(7), 1462–1470.  https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-2685

Whittemore, R., Melkus, G. D., & Grey, M. (2004). Applying the Social Ecological Theory to Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management.  Journal of Community Health Nursing,  21(2), 87–99.  https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327655jchn2102_03