critical thinking report for environment
kakakak
WeekFiveSix0010022.pptx
Week Five/Six
Measuring “Green”
“You can only manage what you can measure.”
Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
SMART
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Timely
Measurable outcomes driven by your strategies
https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnRzmJ_riOs
Tying KPI to Triple Bottom Line
SOCIAL: Improving guest experience, employee satisfaction – measured through qualitative interviews
ENVIRONMENTAL: Reducing carbon emissions, electricity and water usage, square footage of soil erosion – measured by quantitative data
FINANCIAL: Increasing percentage of income donated to charity, total amount spent on reforestation – measured by quantitative data
| SMART | Bad | Good |
| Specific | Bags of trash removed | Pounds of waste sent to landfill per conference attendee |
| Measurable | Employee enthusiasm | Number of green projects managed by nonsenior staff within previous 12 months |
| Achievable | Zero landfill deposit | Reducing landfill deposit to 50% within 12 months |
| Realistic | Switching to 100% self-generated solar power | Purchasing renewable energy from a provider as part of a larger energy plan |
| Timely | Total electricity used last year | Kilowatts used per hour of event |
SMART KPI OBJECTIVES
| Category | Strategic Goal | SMART KPI Objectives |
| Social | Delegate Green responsibility among staff Contribute to local youth groups Educate public on events | Number of green projects managed by nonsenior staff within the past 12 months Number of local youths involved at event per attendee Percentage of attendees exposed to educational media |
| Environmental | Convert to renewable energy Maximize public transport use Develop water filtration system | Percentage of total energy form renewable providers Percentage of attendees traveling by bus/taxi/car/train Number of bottled waters consumed |
| Financial | Cut costs through energy efficiency Attract environmental sponsors Attract new clients with sustainability plan | Kilowatt hours used over previous month Number of environmental sponsors over past 12 months Number of new clients engaged with sustainability plan over past 12 months |
GOALS AND KPI ORGANIZED BY TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
Environmental Audits
Comprehensive measurements of organizational sustainability
Ties into accepted standards such as BS 8901 and ISO 20121
http:// www.environmentalauditors.com.au/what-is-an-environmental-audit.html
“Measuring sustainability is a journey, not a destination.”
Four Steps In Environmental Audits
1. Categorize your goals/objectives according to triple bottom line
2. Determine data collection methodologies
| Category | Strategic Goal | KPI Objectives |
| Social | Delegate Green responsibility among staff Contribute to local youth groups Educate public on events | Number of green projects managed by nonsenior staff within the past 12 months Number of local youths involved at event per attendee Percentage of attendees exposed to educational media |
| Environmental | Convert to renewable energy Maximize public transport use Develop water filtration system | Percentage of total energy form renewable providers Percentage of attendees traveling by bus/taxi/car/train Number of bottled waters consumed |
| Financial | Cut costs through energy efficiency Attract environmental sponsors Attract new clients with sustainability plan | Kilowatt hours used over previous month Number of environmental sponsors over past 12 months Number of new clients engaged with sustainability plan over past 12 months |
GOALS AND KPI ORGANIZED BY TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
| KPI | Data Collection Methodology |
| Number of green projects managed by non-senior staff within previous 12 months (SOCIAL) | Survey all staff |
| Number of local youth involved at event per attendee (SOCIAL) | Appoint a person-counter at event |
| Number of bottled waters consumed at event (ENVIRONMENTAL) | Count bottles of water before and after the event |
| Percentage of attendees traveling by car or taxi to event (ENVIRONMENTAL) | Survey attendees |
| Kilowatt hours used over the previous month (FINANCIAL) | Check utility bill |
| Number of environmental sponsors over the past 12 months (FINANCIAL) | Survey sponsors to gauge environmental policies |
GOALS AND KPI ORGANIZED BY TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
Steps In Environmental Audits (cont.)
Similar meetings, events or festivals:
http://desmoinesartsfestival.org/sustainability /
Industry associations/reports:
http :// www.greenhotels.com/index.php
Government reports/sources:
https :// www.epa.gov/p2/green-meetings
News media reports
Standards
3. Determine Benchmarks:
a standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed.
| Strategic KPI | Benchmark | Rating |
| 5 green projects managed by non-senior staff within previous 12 months | Statistic is identical at comparison organization | 3 |
| 12 local youths were involved in an event with 330 attendees, meaning 3.6% of attendees were local youths | Amount of local youth at similar events | 2.5 |
| The average attendee consumed 1.4 bottles of water | No bottled water was consumed at comparison event | 1 |
| 15% of attendees used public transportation | 70% of attendees at comparison event used public transportation | 1 |
| Last month we paid $581 for 2,200 KWH of electricity | Goal: reduce use by 5% each month | 1 |
| In the past 12 months, 20% of our sponsors were environmentally motivated | Comparison organizations claim 50% f their sponsors are environmentally motivated | 2 |
Benchmarks and KPI Ratings
Steps In Environmental Audits (cont.)
4. Prioritize Goals and Objectives
| Priority | Strategic Objective | KPI | Schedule |
| 1 | Incrementally reduce electricity usage by 25% within the next 12 months | Total KWH from monthly electric bills | This week: Create prioritized list of energy saving initiatives from “easy” to “hard” This month: Begin to implement “easy” initiatives Future: Increase initiatives as needed to meet 25% Goal |
| 2 | Increase use of filtered tap water by 50% over next 12 months | Number of bottles of water used by attendee | 2 months: Gather infrastructure for safe tap water 4 months: Test and gradually increase tap water service Future: Transition towards only tap water |
| 3 | Increase use of public transportation at events by 50% over the next 12 months | Percentage of attendees using public transportation | 2 months: Create partnership with local transportation companies 4 months: Create marketing plan to promote public transportation use Future: Position public transportation as a core element of your event experience |
Prioritized Strategic Goals and Objectives
Greenhouse Gas
A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.
Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth; without them, Earth's surface would average about 33 °C colder, which is about 59 °F below the present average of 14 °C (57 °F)
https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxke_f5iWCI
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MEASURING CLIMATE CHANGE/ GREENHOUSE GAS IMPACT
http:// www.worldwildlife.org/videos/water-in-the-borderlands
Carbon Footprint
Total amount of greenhouse gases emitted as a direct result of your event
Transportation
Energy
Waste
http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=8q7_aV8eLUE
Calculating our Carbon Footprint: Gas and Electricity
Gas: British thermal units (BTUs) or therms
Electricity: kilowatt hours (kWh)
Figure out exact time and space used in building to find which percentage of total energy bill you are responsible for
Calculating Event or VenueUsage
Monthly utility usage/Number of days in month = Daily Utility Usage
Total area of venue/Area of Event Use =
Percentage of venue for event use
Calculation1/Calculation 2= Your event usage
Multiply by 14.3 for Gas carbon footprint in pounds or 1.3 for Electricity carbon footprint
Calculating our Carbon Footprint: Carbon Miles
Carbon Calculators
The Nature Conservancy
http://www.nature.org/greenliving/carboncalculator /
Flights: http ://www.chooseclimate.org/flying /
Eco-Budget
Mirrors Financial budgeting
Keep environmental
spending within the
limits set
Plan, control, monitor,
report on, and evaluate
Manage natural resources
as efficiently as
financial resources
Why manage environmental resources
through a budget?
Better informed decision-making
Benchmarks
Accountability
Priorities
Integrated, effective and efficient
Control over impacts
Unwavering attention
Feed-back loop
Steering the sustainability
performance
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Why manage environmental resources through a budget?
The regime of the annual cycle regularly places environmental concerns on the political agenda and provides the opportunity for decision makers to consider the implications of policy or of any decision for resources. Budget planning emphasises issues of highest priority. Date-specific targets in the environmental budget set goals for environmental quality and resource use when delivering services. Monitoring and accounting of the full cost of municipal activities help to keep control over the impact of decisions and actions during the budget period. Thus, accounting aids an understanding of the cause-effect relationship of political decision making in relation to natural resources. How much land does it cost to build a road? How much clean air or tranquillity is lost by using that road?
The balance report serves as a basis for decisions on targets and measures for the following budget period. In effect, environmental budgeting supports the sustainability performance of local governments and attention to natural resources and environmental quality is sustained. Resource management becomes highly integrated, effective and efficient. Importantly, ecoBudget, through its continuous feedback loop of setting targets, implementing action and evaluating performance supports accountability of political decision making.
>> Nowadays, there are two ways to view development. The first considers monetary profit as being the only criterion to measure success. The second ensures that the impassable thresholds of workers’ dignity are not violated, that natural resources are conserved and that human health is not jeopardised. I believe that ecoBUDGET is instrumental for cities that strive to pursue the second form of development. <<
Sergio Cofferati - Lord Mayor of Bologna (Italy)
None of these things (improvement in water quality testing and water quantity) were thought of until this concept of looking at the natural resources, their planning, budgeting a master budget, an implementable budget, a practical budget, a workable budget came in. All these things are spin offs of what I would say the concept that we need to budget our natural resources.
Mr. S. Jain, Commissioner, Guntur, India
ecoBUDGET in practice
Tubigon, Philippines: Implementing the Millenium Development Goals – Environment and Poverty (MDG)
Guntur, India: Air Quality Improvement supports Local Economy
Växjö, Sweden:
Becoming Fossil
Fuel Free
Bologna, Italy: Sustainable City Development Respects Resource Scarcety
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ecoBUDGET in practice
Växjö, Sweden: Becoming Fossil Fuel Free
With its history of environmental action and long-term objective to become “Fossil Fuel Free,” the Municipality of Växjö was interested in adopting a structured method of implementing its environmental goals and monitoring the impact of its environmental initiatives. Växjö has introduced ecoBUDGET and systematically combined it with its financial accounting system. Nowadays, discussions about the city’s financial budget and ecoBUDGET take place during the same meetings and appear in the same financial documents. In May 2006, Växjö’s Councillors decided to replace the city’s Local Agenda 21 strategy and environmental policy with a new Environmental Programme that would include only measurable, long-term targets covering three areas: Living Life (focusing on consumption and waste issues), Our Nature (focusing on water and conservation issues), and Fossil Fuel Free Växjö (focusing on transportation and energy issues). ecoBUDGET is used to ensure that the programme goals are monitored, reviewed and achieved.
>> The complete integration of the monetary and environmental budgets has given environmental issues and initiatives a higher status and resulted in greater environmental awareness among municipal councillors. As a result, Växjö is able to generate and implement innovative projects such as the construction of highly energy efficient buildings to implement their ecoBUDGET and meet their ambitious targets. <<
Ms Anna Karin Unger - ecoBUDGET Manager, Växjö, Sweden
Guntur, India: Air Quality Improvement supports Local Economy
Air pollution is one of the growing environmental problems in the city of Guntur. One of the main reasons for this increasing menace was traffic congestion at important junctions caused by hawkers selling their wares especially during peak hours. Identification of, the provision of identity cards and proper designated places for hawkers were made indicators of reducing air pollution. The GMC has completed the survey and identification of 1732 hawkers in the city. Initially, only 450 of them had identity cards. With the implementation of the budget, 1395 have now been issued identity cards. The city has been demarcated 500 Green Vending Zones, 10 Amber Vending Zones and 12 Red Vending Zones. Of the hawkers given identity cards, 950 have been allotted spaces in green and amber zones whereas the rest can roam around the city to sell their wares. Nowadays, the Council monitors the use of water to ensure quality and prevent wastage., Guntur has a strong solid waste management system – even using hawkers to collect garbage at the household level. This system has a strong sustainability component in that it has enabled Guntur to reach more households, while the hawkers also earn extra income from garbage collection. It is a win-win for the local government and the hawkers.
Tubigon, Philippines: Implementing the Millenium Development Goals – Environment and Poverty (MDG)
The foundation of the economy of Bohol Province –in which Tubigon is located - is agriculture, fishery and tourism. Consequently, the viability of the municipality’s (and the province’s) economy depends on the health of its natural resources: fertile soil, clean water, high biodiversity, adequate forest cover, and healthy mangroves, seagrass, and coral reefs. The poor in the province’s rural and urban areas are particularly dependent on the province’s natural resources. As well as addressing environmental issues, Tubigon has found that ecoBudget can be used to address poverty alleviation and the MDGs. As a result, Tubigon’s ecoBUDGET process is based on the strong participation of community groups and barangays (communes).
Tubigon relies on eco-cultural tourism and agro-industry as primary economic drivers. The mangrove area is one of the main tourist attractions. ecoBudget helps protect the mangrove area. To this end, it can contribute to the economic growth in Tubigon. The impact goes beyond protecting the livelihood of small farmers and fisherfolk who rely on natural resources for their daily needs. It also has a very significant contribution to eco-tourism.
>> Before, we did not know that we lost up to 60% of our water in transit due to leaks in the water pipes. Through the monitoring system introduced by ecoBUDGET, we were able to discover this huge loss. We are now working on bringing down the amount of losses to the minimum. By preventing the loss of water in transit, we can reduce the cost of production as well as conserve water <<
Noel Mendana - ecoBUDGET Manager, Tubigon, Philippines
Bologna, Italy: Sustainable City Development RespectsResource Scarcety
The City of Bologna has adopted ecoBUDGET as the core environmental management system for its institutional activities. It explores successful practices, factors, and conditions to support good governance for sustainable development. The first goal was to use ecoBUDGET as a management and communication instrument within the city’s Local Agenda 21 plan. However, Bologna found that there are multiple benefits to using the ecoBUDGET process. All major decisions regarding resource and territory management are assessed for their suitability against Master Budget targets. A key element of Bologna’s implementation of ecoBUDGET is in spatial and urban planning and using it for the execution of strategic environmental assessment. Building ecoBUDGET indicators and targets into planning processes and systems allows for early action that is generally more cost-effective than responding to changes as they occur. This also includes the ability to to clearly communicate the impact of different planning scenarios. ecoBUDGET is supporting the dissemination of the environmental impact of various scenarios defined by a structural plan as required by Italian legislation. In this way, ecoBUDGET has involve the municipality as a whole. Unique to Bologna is the application of so-called “mayoral targets” valid for one legislative term. In this way the city government aims to bind its political programme to a transparent and voluntary set of quantifiable targets.
>> ecoBUDGET has helped Bologna to more effectively coordinate municipal initiatives and consequently provided a better structure for these initiatives since it is easier to see links and gaps between and among them. The process of setting targets and then carefully monitoring progress towards them has also been a valuable exercise for Bologna. <<
Ms Raffaela Guêze - ecoBUDGET Manager, Bologna, Italy
