Who has benefited more from globalisation - developing countries or developed nations?

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Assignment 2- Referenced Argument Essay

Week 9

Ways to write body paragraphs

Begin each body paragraph with a topic sentence stating your argument clearly and precisely.

Elaborate on the theme of the topic sentence. Explain it so that a reader can fully understand what your argument is.

Ways to write body paragraphs (cont.)

Use some kind of support for your argument – this is where your use of sources comes in. This is the place for an in-text citation –either a paraphrase or a quotation. Don’t forget to reference appropriately both in the actual essay and also in the list of References.

It is not enough to merely ‘stick in’ a quotation or paraphrase. You must say something about this evidence. What does it demonstrate? Why is it relevant to your position? How does it support your argument?

Don’t just present a quote or paraphrase and expect the reader to work out why you have included it.

Argument essay

1. What are the structure and main parts of an argument essay?

Introduction, Body paragraphs, Conclusion

Analyse the model argument essay:

Should whales be protected?

3. Brief introduction of Tutorial task 4 and 5

Quotation and Paraphrase

Five Components of the Argument Essay

1. The Argument Thesis Statement

Debatable (some people say yes / some say no)

Statement – Not Question

Easier to form if include a suitable verb – should

Sounds more academic if you include a reason

2. Pro-Arguments

3. Support for your Arguments

Counter-Arguments

Refutation

Structure of the Argument Essay

Introduction

General

More Specific

Opposing argument

Argument thesis statement

Preview of structure

Body paragraphs

Two ways to structure the Essay Body: Parallel or Linear method

Conclusion

(same as expository essay)

Brief summary

Restated argument thesis statement

End statement: recommendation

1. LINEAR METHOD

Pro-Argument 1

Pro-Argument 2

Counter-Argument 1

Refutation of Argument 1

Counter-Argument 2

Refutation of Argument 2

Two Ways to Structure the Essay Body

2. PARALLEL METHOD

Pro-Argument 1

Counter-Argument 1

Refutation of Counter-Argument 1

Pro-Argument 2

Counter-Argument 2

Refutation of Counter-Argument 2

Should Whales be protected?

Analyze the model argument essay (p.121)

Read through it and identify the following:

Argument thesis statement

Five parts in the introduction

Arguments in favour (pro-arguments)

Counter arguments

Refutations

The brief summary in the conclusion

Circle every cohesive device and linking expression

What grade would you give to this essay?

Introduction (p.121)

General

Recently, the issue of marine mammals' conservation has been strongly debated by people in many countries.

More Specific

Conservation organizations such as the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and the American Mare Mammal Commission (AMMC) … in many nations.

Opposing argument

Some people suggest banning all commercial whaling activity. Those favour … for commercial purposes.

Argument thesis statement

However, whale products are highly nutritious to consume… should be allowed.

Preview of structure

This essay discusses…

Body paragraphs (p.121)

Argument 1

Counter Argument 1

Refutation 1

Argument 2

Counter Argument 2

Refutation 2

Argument 3

Counter Argument 3

Refutation 3

Argument 4

Counter Argument 4

Refutation 4

In-text citation and references should follow the APA style (week 6).

Argument 1

Argument 2

Argument 3

Argument 4

Cohesive devices and linking expression (p.121)

Introduction

Therefore, however, and, such as, thus

Argument 1

Firstly – argument

Moreover – support

However – counter argument

However – refutation

Argument 2

Secondly – argument

Thus – support

Though – counter argument

However, In addition, although – refutation

Argument 3

Thirdly – argument

Such as – support

In spite of, because – counter argument

However, due to, such as, because of – refutation

Argument 4

Lastly – argument

However – counter argument

However – refutation

Conclusion

In conclusion, because, because, in addition, furthermore

More cohesive devices can be found on textbook page 46-47

Checklist for Assignment 2

Planning

1. No brainstorming necessary

2. Outline – for format follow examples pages 104-106 either parallel or linear form

3. Label where your quotations and paraphrases/ summaries will appear

4. Write thesis statement in full

5. Write preview sentence in full

Checklist for Assignment 2 (Cont.)

Essay Body

1. Essay double-spaced or 1.5

2. Use appropriate font 12 points.

3. Justify left hand margin only – not fully justified. (Use left hand paragraph tab)

4. Required number of in-text citations ( minimum 4 – maximum 7) a. Minimum 2 paraphrases/ summaries b. Minimum 2 quotations

5. Underline the thesis statement

6. Labelling of arguments, counter-arguments, refutations (follow the template provided in the video for week 10)

7. No long quotations, i.e. over 40 words or four lines or more

8. Include word count of essay – (not outline or list of references)

Checklist for Assignment 2 (Cont.)

In-text citations

1. Include author(s)’ surname(s), year of publication and page number(s) when quoting ideas

2. Include author(s)’ surname(s) and year of publication when paraphrasing/ summarizing ideas

3. Use the right format (either author prominent or information prominent)

Checklist for Assignment 2 (Cont.)

List of references

1. On a new page

2. Heading ‘References’ in centred on page

3. Left side justified – not fully justified

4. Double-spacing throughout

5. Correctly formatted according to current APA guidelines

Checklist for Assignment 2 (Cont.)

Submission of Assignment

All necessary document submitted in file

a. Outline

b. Essay

c. List of References

d. Two-columns showing sources used and your in-text citations (paraphrases/ summaries and quotations)

2. Submitted on time

Two- columns – sources used and in-text citations

Original Texts My in-text citations
but it is essential that cleaner and green electricity sources should be introduced into electricity systems in order to reduce the effects of climate change, and to obtain sustainable development (Marques, Fuinhas & Pereira, 2018). Furthermore, to implement renewable energy as a replacement for fossil fuels will help reduce emission levels (Marques, Fuinhas & Pereira, 2018).
One of the major concerns with the use of energy supplies, such as wind, solar, and wave power, which produce variable output is whether such supplies can provide reliable sources of electric power second-by-second, daily, seasonally, and yearly (Delucchi & Jacobson, 2010). Wind, water and solar power are all dependent on weather conditions and locations, which creates unreliable sources of energy (Delucchi & Jacobson, 2010)

Tutorial tasks 4 and 5

In-text citation and referencing - Submission Friday October 9th by 10PM (NZST) online except LO3 (9:00AM-11:00AM) and LO4 (2:00PM-4:00PM) students who will do in their regular class time

Identify formatting mistakes from the given list and write in the correct form according to APA guidelines. You may use your textbook and PowerPoint of Week 6.

Read an extract from a text and produce short quotations in two forms with APA style.

Short quotation: (information prominent)

Short quotation: (author prominent)

3. Read an extract from a text and paraphrase the highlighted sentences in the text.

In-text Citations

Method 1: information prominent

Method 2: author prominent

Ways of referencing: Quotation and Paraphrase

Note:

Information prominent citations are more frequent

Author prominent is useful when the writer is particularly well-known

Method 1: Information prominent

Paraphrase

It is possible for students to reproduce sounds that they hear without understanding what those sounds mean (Ur, 1984).

Short quotation

The learning burden of a word has been defined as "the amount of effort needed to learn and remember it" (Nation, 1998, p. 45).

Method 2: Author prominent

Paraphrase

A recent study by White (2002) has shown the importance of motivation as a predictor of student grades.

Short quotation

White (2002, p.45) maintains that “the primary factor in determining student grade outcomes is motivation.”