Week 9 Discussion
Pe0512
Week9OSFA-1.pptxWeek 9: A One Size Fits All Approach
INR4075
Professor Maslanik
One Size fits all Borzel & Risse
The EU is arguably the largest promoter of democracy worldwide.
Copenhagen Criteria
Overview of EU Democracy Promotion
Up and until the 1980s: Preferential Trade Agreements to Former Colonies
Lome Agreements 1975: Preferential Status for African, Caribbean, & Pacific Countries (ACP) group.—Custom Free Access to the Market!
Though Cooperation rested mostly on Economic Agreements, rather than those concerned with Human Rights
Lome IV Agreement (1990-2000) moved to deal with economic & political conditionalities.
ONFA Cont’d
Notably the EU could now employ sanctions on ACP states that did not comply with ”good-governance”. Namely, abide by the norms set in place by the EU:
“For violations of democracy, human rights and rule of law, however, the EU invoked the suspension clause several times in the 1990s, e.g. against Nigeria, Rwanda, Burundi, Niger, and Sierra Leone (Holland 2002: 134). ”
The Lome Agreement was terminated and replaced in 2000 by the Cotonou Agreement, which will remain in place until 2020.
The new agreement extends the central tenants of Lome (good governance, human rights, the rule of law, and expands the its breadth of development cooperation to peace-building and conflict prevention.
OSFA Cont’d
Core to this agreement is that it will no longer be coordinated unilaterally. Agreed upon benchmarking remains, but new regulatory framing is coordinated between the financial beneficiary and the benefactor arm of the EU.
Programming : Money is allocated to programs, rather than to individuals 1.) The definition of mid-term development goals 2.) the specification of short-term strategies to implement these goals 3.) The indication of allocated EU funds for the period of five years 4.) periodic monitoring and evaluation of the first three goals.
Post Cold war, the attention shifted from ACP to Eastern Bloc Countries.-–the so-called Europe Agreements.
Copenhagen European Council of 1993.
ONFA Cont’d
“By 1999 at the latest, everything had changed. The EU now has a comprehensive strategy for the promotion of democracy, human rights, the rule of law, and “good governance” in place covering the entire globe. ”
Open Method of Coordination (OMC)—way to redesign how benchmarking takes place—namely works to include non-state actors into norm generation and implementation.
3 tools: Political Dialogues, Political Conditionality (cost-bene; positive and negative incentive structures), capacity building and institutionalizing democracy, human rights, and the rule of law: CARDS , MEDA, TACIS etc.
Soft Security & Soft Power
Can it be exported or is the EU model still too insensitive to cultural particularities?
Hungary & Visegrad States
The periphery of Europe and the Refugee Crisis.
Why do the European Institutions remain Quiet on these matters?
Do core EU states benefit from Hungary’s treatment of Refugees?
Poland?
Article 7
Poland’s Law and Justice Party
Sanctions—requiring the backing of all EU Member States
Merkel & Macron
Does Article 7 have relevance?
Discussion Questions
Please respond to one of the following:
Can The European Model be Exported to other States and Regions e.g., AU (African Union) and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)?
Explain the Copenhagen Criteria, and what effects it has had on the diplomatic approach of the European Union since the 1990s.
By providing examples, in your opinion, was the Lome IV Agreement and the European Initiative for the Development of Human Rights (EIDHR) successful in democratizing and restructuring the rule of law in the global south?
Do core EU Member states purposefully turn a blind eye on the treatment of refugees in its Central and Eastern member states?
Can Poland be sanctioned by the EU?
