Digital Mapping
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week9lecture1spatialdata.pptxWhat’s coming up?
Tuesday April 2nd – Lab #9 is due (Social Explorer) Tuesday and Thursday April 2nd and 4th – NO LECTURE (Conference Week)
You will be assigned an optional lab - we will use it to assign you extra points on the third part of the midterm. Thursday April 11th – Lab #10 and Extra Credit Lab Due Tuesday April 16th - Lab #11 Due (Written Reflection) Thursday April 25th - Lab #12 and Take Home Exam Due by the end of Friday April 26th (Oral Presentation – Reflection)
If you are concerned about anything…
Please talk to me – we will figure it out!
Lab #8 due by Thursday… Let me show you…
Where have we been
Math Phobia
Cognitive Load Theory
Real World Problem Solving
Moving plus 1
Focus on Patterns and Relationships
Data collection – organization – Analysis/Presentation – Make Decisions
Summary Statistics – embody data process above
Mean – Measure of Central Tendency – One number that is most similar to the whole data set
Standard Deviation – Variance – are values close to the mean or far away
Where have we been?
The normal curve – tells us if individual values are normal
The normal curve also tells us intervals in which we can expect
68 percent of values to fall into (-1 and +1 SD)
95 percent of values to fall into (-2 and +2 SD)
99 percent of values to fall into (-3 and +3 SD)
Anything outside of 2 SD is an outlier
Outliers are very interesting and rare
They are very different from the average and ‘normal’
When 2 variables are related to each other they are Correlated
You should know a positive and negative correlation
Today
Spatial Analysis in a Fast Food Nation
What is spatial analysis?
How do we use maps to draw conclusion and make decisions?
But first… a dearth of quantitative literacy and why we might need it?
In the 80’s A & W introduces the third pounder to compete with McDonald’s Quarter Pounder.
Even though people prefer in blind taste tests prefer the 1/3rd pounder and it’s the same price, the burger isn’t selling.
A & W puts together focus groups to investigate further…
Quantitative Literacy????
"Why," they asked, "should we pay the same amount for a third of a pound of meat as we do for a quarter-pound of meat at McDonald's? You're overcharging us."
Focus Group Results
How we have and will use map in this class
Data Literacy (A & W)
Big Data – “extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions”
Identifying quantitative relationships
Identifying Trends and Patterns
Calculating basic statistics (attached to Latitude and Longitude)
Making maps (requires quantitative literacy)
What is all that?
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How to make sense of it all
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Math is a way of seeing…
Reductionism
“the practice of simplifying a complex idea, issue, condition, or the like, especially to the point of minimizing, obscuring, or distorting it.”
Like the transformation of scale of a map
Or Living
Data
Data = collected observations about the real world
Studying how things in the world behave so we can get what we want out of it
Higher Sales
Less Global Warming
Become Stronger
We collect data to make informed decisions – to manipulate the future towards a particular goal
What are spatial data?
Observations that have geographic information
Everything has a location (lat and lon from the geo reference system)
Different processes have different spatial patterns
Weather
Economy
Sports Fan Allegiance
What patterns appear and how do we interpret them?
Main themes of spatial analysis
Clustering/Distance
Size/Scale/Geographic Extent
Movement over time
How do we ‘look’ at spatial data…
Ignoring a lot – but gaining insights from simplification
And that’s ok! As long as we come back up for air…
Walmart Locations (markets share)
What data do you need to make this map?
How might you collect it?
How are data represented on this map?
What scale are we working at?
Spatial Analysis?
Clustering, Size, Movement?
What other maps would be useful if we wanted spatially analyze Walmart (could be anything)
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How are data represented for WF?
Which visualization is better?
Tell a story about these two maps?
Did they meet on Tinder?
What can we say about the location of WF?
Clustering? Scale?
Who would this information be valuable to?
What decisions would you make based on
Them?
Why do fast food locations cluster?
1854 Broad street Cholera Outbreak on Broad Street (London)
Cholera – Contracted through drinking infected water
Pre-Germ Theory (1860’s)
Location Analysis
Water pumps?
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Example: Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), a legendary figure in the history of public health, epidemiology and anesthesiology created one of the first uses of geographical analysis on a static map to solve a problem of stopping the spread of cholera through Soho, London, England.
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In and Out vs. McDonalds
Tobler's Law of Geography
“Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.”
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Movement (over time)
Types of Data – Chernobyl 86
Data is classified or put into types depending on what it can do and what kind of conclusions we can draw from it
identifying and Interpreting quantitative relationships
Numbers are just a way of expressing these relationships between things
How much radiation is in Chernoybl? (1,2,3,4,5 – Geiger Counter)
Do you have more or less radiation poison than me? (rank)
Is there radiation in this area (yes or no)
What color is the monitor (yellow)
We interpret data to make decisions! We read situations and act! Good vs. bad judgement
Temperature data (you read and analyze it like an expert)
What will I wear?
Umbrella
Plans for later?
Will I leave my bed?
First Assessment!
Is it Qualitative or Quantitative – helps us determine what we can do with data – how we approach it…
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