Music essay

Week 7 Huapango Arribeño, Sones de Artesa, Son Tixtleños, Son Calentano

Son Arribeño/Huapango Arribeño/Son de Rio Verde A musical culture from the Sierra Gorda region, in the States of Guanajuato, Querétaro and San Luis Potosí. Also known as Son Arribeño or Son de Río Verde.

Son Arribeño/Huapango Arribeño/Son de Rio Verde Because of the proximity to the Huasteco region, Son Arribeño shares some similarities with Son Huasteco.

Musicians: Each group has four musicians: a decimero, who also plays quinta huapanguera, two violinists and a vihuela player.

The two violins are positioned side by side in this configuration and are the main melodic instrument, providing melodic counterpoint to sung passages. Violinists compete with each other using elaborate improvised melodic ornamentation.

The Mexican vihuela is a small guitar-like instrument with 5 strings, and a convex back. In this context it provides rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment.

The quinta huapanguera is larger than the vihuela. It is a 5 course guitar like instrument with a deeper resonating body which allows it produce lower pitches. It provides bass, and harmonic/rhythmic accompaniment within the ensemble.

Son Huasteco: Trio Violin, vihuela or jarana hausteca, quinto huapanguera

Sones Arribeño/Huapango Arribeño/Son de Rio Verde:Quartet 2 violins, vihuela, quinta huapanguera

Topada The Fiesta in Sones Arribeño is called a Topada. This word means encounter but in the slang of this region, it also means duel. Topadas can last as long as 12 hours, from dawn till dusk, and are an encounter between two musical groups. Each group has 4 musicians who duel each other musically over the course of the night. Each of the 4 members duels their counterpart from the other band. At the center of the fiesta is the contest of wits between two decimeros, whose improvised verses comment on historical events and/or current affairs, the occasion of the celebration and, of course, each other.

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Lyrics of this video were about current us president and policy towards imigration.. Was funny and serious topic.. Guillermo (most famous person from this tradition) really insulted Trump.

Sierra Gorda region has historically have major population migration to the USA.. entire towns become ghost towns because of huge numbers of imigration.. So this is why this is a very common current topic in Huapango Arribeno.

This example has clear sesquialtera/hemiola..in middle with zapateado. Might go back to it for section..just because some other examples we’ve had are more complex. - can really appreciate musicians here even though is short video. Is easy to see what they do. This example has most famous groups.. Guillermo Velasquez y los leones de xichu Guanajuato

In the band 2 violins, quinto haupangero and vihuela. (elaborate on Vihuela once more).. Two violins are on side, jarana is not a term used in Sones Arribeno,

Decimero -person who recites and improvises poetry .. use copla and another poetic form Decimas.. Both improvise what they sing but also what they say.. Know poetic form but use that knowledge to improvise. Also plays Quinto Huapangero… speaks and sings..so very important and complex role.

Decimas- poetic form from Baroque heritage.. Poetic form with 10 verses..

Is a very complex from as a result of the improvisation required

Topadas usually happen in an outdoor setting such as the central town plaza. Musicians are often set up above the dancers in this setting. Topadas often celebrate/commemorate a religious or civic event. E.g. patron saints, religious holiday, independence day, mother’s day, wedding. In recent years however, it can take place just to celebrate the tradition itself.

Lyrics: Coplas/Décimas Coplas are sung in parts of the topada, and there are also many instrumental moments, including actual sones. The main lyrical form is known as the Décima, so called because they are comprised of 10 verses. This is another poetic form inherited from the Spanish baroque era. Although there are formulae and given structures to follow, décimas in the Huapango arribeño tradition are mostly improvised on the spot. Topics could include current affairs, historical events, international/local politics, local events or even the abilities of the other performers. At the end of the topada people will often clap to determine the winner. People usually dance during instrumental sones and sung coplas.

Guillermo Velasquez y los leones de xichu Guanajuato - A ver de cuál cuero, sale mas correas

Lyrics of this video were about current us president and policy towards immigration.. Was funny and serious topic.. Guillermo (most famous person from this tradition) really insulted Trump. Sierra Gorda region has historically experienced major population migration to the USA. Entire towns have become ghost towns as a result. So this is why immigration is a very common current topic in Huapango Arribeno.

Let’s take a moment to listen carefully to the rhythmic pattern you hear at 3:47. The zapateado dancing and musicians are highlighting a pattern that switches between two groups of 3 and 3 groups of 2. Do you remember the name of this particular rhythmic pattern that we covered in the previous lecture and section?

Si sigue igual de altanero y con sus locas ideas Ya veremos de que cuero pueden salir mas correas

Donald Trump es un demente, infeliz y confundido Peña Nieto no ha sabido comportarse dignamente Se maneja servilmente, casi como un mandadero Trump es un vil pistolero que pretende intimidarnos Vamos a engañarnos con ese loco altanero

Donald Trump es un taimado animal del paleolítico Ningún talento político hay en ese deslenguado Y un tipo tan desquiciado, hay que ponerle maderas Solo inspira cosas feas nada bueno tendrá el mundo Ese animal payaso y sus locas ideas

El muro es en su torpeza, La obsesión que hoy le conviene Porque solamente tiene ladrillos en la cabeza Y dejara a tanta ilesa. No hay que quitarse el sombrero Unirnos es lo primero y no es hablar por hablar Sí correas hay que sacar, ya dejemos de que fueron

Despabilarse paisanos No se trata de correr Es hora de defender nuestros derechos humanos No nos crucemos de manos Asumamos la tareas, si trump nos busca peleas Muy pronto dirá el cabestro si de su cuero o del nuestro Pueden salir mas correas

Si hay algún muro mental echemoslo para abajo Es de todos y es legal nuestro derecho al trabajo

If he is still arrogant and with his crazy ideas We will see what leather can get more straps

Donald Trump is insane, unhappy and confused Peña Nieto has not known how to behave with dignity It is handled slavishly, almost like an errand boy Trump is a vile gunman who tries to intimidate us Let's fool ourselves with that crazy haughty

Donald Trump is a devious Paleolithic animal There is no political talent in that big mouthed And such a crazy guy, you have to put wood on him It only inspires ugly things, nothing good will the world have That clown animal and his crazy ideas

The wall is clumsy. The obsession that suits him today Because he only has bricks on his head And leave so much unharmed You don't have to take off your hat Sink us first. And it's not talking for talking Yes straps must be removed Let's stop what they were

Wake up fellows It's not about running It is time to defend our human rights Let's not cross hands Let's assume the tasks, if trump looks for us fights Very soon the halter will tell if its leather or ours More straps can come out

If there is any mental wall, let's take it down It belongs to everyone and our right to work is legal

Sones de Artesa

Tierra CalienteHuasteca Region Costa Chica

Artesas were originally fishing boats turned upside down. They were later fashioned into the shapes of animals such as horses and bulls.

El cajon

https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=iJRfx0o5648

Watch 2 min.

Silvestre Tiburcio Noyola Rodríguez

B. 1949, Guerrero

This is accompanied by a dance that is at risk of being lost, since currently it is only performed in the community of San Nicolás Tolentino, Don Silvestre's native town. Instruments of European (string) and African (percussion) origin are used in their interpretation, with native adaptations.

Gabriel Moedano (1939–2005) was an ethnomusicologist that started to recover recordings from indigenous groups, INAH (Instituto Nacional de Arqueologia e Historia).

Son Tixtleños (Son de Tarima)

Share repertoire with Son de Artesa, some sones belong to both traditions, the only difference is that son Tixtleño didn’t disappear.

Sones de tarima, from the Nayeri people. The only thing they have in common is the tarima.

Instruments: harp, vihuela, cajon

In dance: lots of hip action.

Zamba Chucha. Tixtla de Guerrero

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_conti nue=65&v=Y56nBNaZUJ0&feature=emb_lo go

Son Calentano, Son del Río Balsas A son tradition and musical culture from Northwest Guerrero, also present in adjacent parts of the States of Michoacán and Mexico. Also called Son de Tierra Caliente or terracalenteño del Balsas (Balsas is a river)

Fiesta is called fandango. Lyrics: Traditional coplas Musicians: there is no fixed number. It is common to have at least two or three, but larger ensembles are also common.

This tradition that has strong connections to classical music. It is composer based, and performers honour their musical tradition by honoring composers.

Complex tradition with many genres.. Even encompasses traditons from early American traditions (eg. Waltzs, Polka, Ragtime, foxtrot from 1920’s).. Dances people did in Europe and USA in late 19th century, and early 20th. Also genres closer to classical.. Like overtures, or earlier dances from 19th century. Also have their own genres. Eg. sones, gusto (spelling?), and xxx? Chilenas? Music goes back to 19th century.

Playing arrangements of Tchaikvsky

A tradition that honors composers, families keep tradition going: Salveron, Talavira. Juan Reynoso was a famous violinist. Notation based tradition of all the sones traditions in Mexico.

Violin playing in Calentano tradition is virtuosic, elaborated, soloistic. Is about personal style -and unique sound- not so much about tradition.

Focus listening on violin playing

Violin: Lead melodic instrument, very virtuosic, lots of ornamentation and improvisation. Also provides melodic counterpoint in sung passages.

Guitar: Provides rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment. Modern guitar is the standard nowadays, but originally guitarra séptima and guitarra panzona were used. Their use declined in favor of the modern six-string guitar around the first third of the 20th century.

Tamborita: Small drum that provides rhythmic accompaniment. It is a double-headed skin drum, traditionally built with Parota root wood. It is performed with a pair of wood sticks, one of these with a skin covered head to soften the sound.

Connections to Classical Music There are several other genres in Son Calentano besides sones which draw from European and American musical traditions of the late 19th and early 20th century. Eg. March, overture, waltz, polka, ragtime, foxtrot. Many of these dances were imported to Mexico in mid/late 19th century by bourgeoisie. Also the idea of virtuosic violin music which is an important part of this genre is connected to European traditions.

There are several different traditions in Son Calentano such as: Gusto - sung with lyrics Son- usually instrumental

This tradition really focuses on playing music by ‘composers’. There are several families who are composers and their music has been handed down from generation to generation. Some well known families include the Tavira and Salmerón. Musicians are very conscientious about any given composers’ name and tradition, this is a very unique characteristic of Son Calentano.

Son Calentano is a written tradition which has remained strong because the families that identify as bearers of the tradition keep it going and pass on the tradition to their family or to others who are allowed to learn from the elders.

Ángel Tavira (1924–2008)

Ángel Tavira was a violinist, composer, musician, and teacher born into the Tavira family; his grandfather Juan Bartolo Tavira was a prolific harpist/lyricist within the Son Calentano tradition. There are several stories as to how Angel lost his right hand, but he has been without it for most or all of his adult life. He developed a way of connecting his bow to his arm using a fabric strap.

Conjunto de Cuerdas Hermanos Tavir -La Mariquita