Brilliant Answer Peers

Respond your colleagues’ posts below and:

1. Make recommendations for the design choice.

2. Explain whether you think that this is the appropriate test to use for the research question. Why or why not?

3. As a lay reader, were you able to understand the results and their implications? Why or why not?

Quantitative survey questions are defined as objective questions used to obtain detailed insights from respondents about a survey research topic. The answers received for these quantitative survey questions are analyzed, and a research report is created based on the quantitative data. The questions form the core of a survey and gather numerical data to determine statistical results. In this study, an Infant Temperament Questionnaire was used in clinical settings to assess temperamental differences. The questionnaire was designed by Carey and McDevitt based on the theory of temperament proposed by Thomas and Chess. It focuses on validating and assessing the behavioral patterns of infants aged four to eight months and focuses on classifying different temperaments. Based on the completed questionnaire, infants' possible future reactions to the changes in the environment can be predicted. Nine dimensions of temperament are formed: activity level, rhythmicity, persistence, distractibility, adaptability, approach or withdrawal, the threshold of responsiveness, the intensity of reaction, and quality of mood.

Why did the authors use ANOVA test?

Do you think it is the most appropriate choice? Why or why not?

The one-way ANOVA was used to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences between the means of two independent groups: dimensions of infants' temperament and types of cries. The analysis test was the most appropriate choice. The ANOVA analysis of the nine dimensions of infants' temperament and types of cries revealed that the types of cries significantly correlated with infants' distractibility, with p < .028.

Did the authors display the data?

Table 6. ANOVA – nine dimensions of temperament and types of cries.

Louder N = 25 Softer N = 15 Steady N = 10 t p

Distractibility –0.16 0.47 –0.32 3.851 .028*

*p < .05.

Do the results stand alone? Why or why not?

Yes, the results stand alone. Based on the findings of distractibility and sound types in this study, infants whose cries became softer were less prone to be distracted and infants whose cries grew louder or remained steady in volume were more prone to be distracted. Despite the lack of evidence in the literature, it stands to reason that infants' cries continued softening regardless of whether there was interference from nurses' and parents' conversations. However, infants whose cries became louder or remained steady in volume, as reported in the literature, faked their cries due to the audio interference from caretakers' conversations showing that these infants were more prone to be distracted.

Did the authors report effect size? If yes, is this meaningful?

The study's statistical findings revealed that infants from a noisier environment reacted more intensely than infants from quieter environments, which reasonably matched the findings of the previous literature. However, in terms of the statistical sample size, there were only four infants from noisy environments, a sample size that was admittedly relatively small. It is meaningful, as a design flaw in the questionnaire caused this as a noisy environment was not clearly defined. Hence, when parents filled out the questionnaire, they might have different definitions of noisy, resulting in a small sample of infants from noisy environments.