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Bio 143 Week 7 Outlines and Reflection Page 1 of 1

Your Name: Shanae Hampton

Bio143 Week 6 Outlines (10 pts) and Reflection (15 pts)

Chapter 24: Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Chapter 25: Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Outlines

Instructions: Write your outlines below. See the examples in Week 1 for formatting

Chapter 24

24.1 WHAT ARE THE KEY FEATURES OF ANIMALS?

It is difficult to devise a concise definition of the term “animal”. No single feature uniquely

defines animals, so the group is defined by a list of characteristics.

SUMMARY Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular, sexually reproducing organisms that

acquire energy by consuming other organisms. Most animals can perceive and react rapidly to

environmental stimuli and motile at some stage in their lives. Their cells lack cell walls.

24.2 WHICH ANATOMICAL FEATURES MARK BRANCH POINTS ON THE ANIMAL

EVOLUTIONARY TREE?

Tissues, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm, organ,

cephalization, coelom, pseudocoelom, deuterostome.

24.2a the first appearance of tissues coincided with the first appearance of body symmetry; all

animals with true tissues also have symmetrical bodies.

24.2b the difference between radially and bilaterally symmetrical animals reflect another major

branching point in the animal evolutionary tree.

24.2c A fluid-filled body cavity can serve a variety of functions.

Summary: The earliest animals had no tissues, a feature retained by modern sponges. All

other modern animals have tissues. Animals with tissues can be divided into radially

symmetrical and bilaterally symmetrical groups. During embryonic development, radially

symmetrical animals have two germ layers; bilaterally symmetrical animals have tree.

24.3 WHAT ARE THE MAJOR ANIMAL PHYLA?

Vertebrates, invertebrates, hermaphroditic, budding, ganglia, nerve cords, segmentation,

hydrostatic skeleton, closed circulatory, hemocoel, circulatory system, exoskeleton, molted,

compound eyes, metamorphosis, larva, pupa, endoskeleton.

24.3a A sponge’s body is perforated by numerous tiny pores, through which water enters, and by

fewer, large openings, through which water is expelled.

24.3b the roughly 150 known species of radially symmetrical comb jellies (ctenophore) are

superficially similar in appearance to some cnidarians, but form a distinct evolutionary lineage

24.3c All flatworm species can reproduce sexually; most are hermaphroditic.

24.3d the cephalopods include octopuses, nautiluses, cuttlefish, and squids.

SUMMARY: The bodies of sponges (porifera) come in a variety of shapes and generally

sessile. Sponges lack tissues but have three different types of specialized cells. Digestion occurs

exclusively within the individual cells. The sea jellies, corals, anemones, and hydrozoans have

tissues. A simple network of nerve cells directs the activity of contractive cells, allowing loosely

coordinated movements.

Chapter 25

25.1 WHAT ARE THE KEY FEATURES OF CHORDATES?

Nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail.

25.1a Humans are members of a taxonomic group known as the chordates.

25.1b This list of distinctive chordate structures may seem puzzling because, although humans

are chordates, at first glance we seem to lack every feature except the nerve cord.

Summary: At some stage in their development, all chordates possess a notochord; dorsal,

hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal gill slits; and a post anal tail.

25.2 Which Animals Are Chordates?

Craniates, vertebrate, vertebral column.

25.2a Lancelets have separate sexes and always reproduce sexually.

25.2b the earliest known craniates, whose fossils were found in 530-million-year-old rocks,

resembled lancelets but had skulls and eyes.

The chordates include three taxonomic groups: the tunicates, the lancelets, and the craniates.

Tunicates are invertebrate filter-feeders, that include the sessile, sea squirts and the motile scalps.

The lancelets are also invertebrate filter-feeders and live partially buried in sandy seafloors.

25.2cVertebrates have other adaptions that have contributed to their successful invasion of most

habitats.

Summary: The chordate includes three taxonomic groups; the tunicates, the lancelets, and

the craniates. Tunicates are invertebrate filter feeders include the sessile squirts and the motile

slaps. The lancelets are also invertebrate filter feeders and live partially buried in sandy

seafoods.

25.3 WHAT ARE THE MAJOR GROUPS OF VERTEBRATES?

Tetrapod’s, amniotic egg, amnion, mammary glands, monotremes, placenta, marsupials,

placental.

25.3a Adult lampreys of some species are parasitic. A parasitic lamprey uses its tooth-lined

mouth to attach itself to a larger fish.

25.3b in addition to the coelacanths and lungfishes, several other lineages of lobefins arose early

in the evolutionary history of jawed fish.

25.3c the 325 species of turtles occupy a variety of habitats, including the deserts, streams and

ponds, and the ocean.

25.3

Summary: Lampreys are jawless vertebrates; the best-known lamprey species are parasites

of fish. Cartilaginous fishes have skeletons made entirely of cartilage and bodies protected by

leathery skin. They breathe with gills and reproduce using internal fertilization.

Reflection

Instructions: Write your responses below in the green boxes.

NOTE: The green boxes will expand when you type to the end of them.

1. Questions. After reading Chapter 24 and 25, write one question from each chapter that you have about the information. Go to the Discussion Board for Week 7 and post one or both of your questions below.

Chapter 24 Question	What animals would you say have two lineages?
Chapter 25 Question	What is a subgroup?

2. Interesting Sections. Look at the Case Study, Science in Action, Health Watch, and Links to Everyday Life sections in each chapter. Pick ONLY one section from each chapter and in 3 sentences explain why that section was interesting to you.

	Why was this section interesting to you?
Chapter 24 Section	This was so crazy after only hearing nothing but bad things about leeches and finding out that they were used to help certain health problems go away.
Chapter 25 Section	Learning how the Tyrannosaurus was discovered was very interesting to read.

3. Design Perspective. Choose something in each chapter and explain in no more than 3 sentences how that information points to the designing work of a Creator. You will use these Design Perspective responses in your Critical Assignment, the Design Perspective Paper

	How does this information point to the designing work of a Creator?
Chapter 24	Reading about the flat worms also helping with people heath that was something good to hear you often hear only negative things when it comes to putting something on your body.
Chapter 25	I think the alligators and crocodiles was a good read also something you could never understand why an alligator do the things that they do.

Now Submit this completed Outlines and Reflection Document to Blackboard to be graded.