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Bio 143 Week 6 Outlines and Reflection Page 1 of 1

Your Name: Shanae Hampton

Bio143 Week 6 Outlines (10 pts) and Reflection (15 pts)

Chapter 19: Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

Chapter 22: The Diversity of Plants

Outlines

Instructions: Write your outlines below. See the examples in Week 1 for formatting

Chapter 19: Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity (p. 340-350)

19.1 How Are Organisms Named and Classified? (p. 341-345)

Scientific Name, Genus, Species, Phylogeny, Systematics, Clades, Domains

19.1a Each species has a unique, two-part name

19.1b Modern classification emphasizes patterns of evolutionary descent

19.1c Systematists identify features that reveal evolutionary relationships

19.1d Modern systematics relies on molecular similarities to reconstruct phylogeny

19.1e Systematists name groups of related species

19.1f Use of taxonomic ranks is declining

Summary: The name of organisms consists of its genus and species name. To

construct the relationships among species, systematists make use of the anatomical and

molecular similarities among organisms. These are laid out in tree diagrams where systematists

name clades. Clades are the groups that include the species descended from a common ancestor.

The eight major ranks are: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

19.2 What Are the Domains of Life? (p. 346)

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Summary: There are three domains of life which are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Plants, fungi, and animals are within the clade and Eukarya domain.

19.3 Why Do Classifications Change? (p.346-348)

19.3a Species designations change when new information is discovered

19.3b the biological species definition can be difficult or impossible to apply

Summary: Classifications change when new information presents itself. It can be difficult to

define the boundaries within species. Systemics plays a major role in understanding the

evolutionary history of life.

19.4 How Many Species Exist? (p. 348-350)

Summary: About 1.6 million species have been named but there are more than 8.7 million

other species total. Species continue to be identified until this day.

Chapter 22: The Diversity of Plants (p. 383-399)

22.1 What are the Key Features of Plants? (p. 384)

Alternation of Generations, Sporophyte, Gametophytes

22.1a Plants are photosynthetic

22.1b Plants have multicellular, Dependent Embryos

22.1c Plants have alternating multicellular Haploid and Diploid Generations

Summary: The key features of plants are photosynthetic abilities and are multicellular

dependent embryos. There are alterations of generations were haploid gametophyte

generations alternate with diploid sporophyte generations.

22.2 How Have Plants Evolved? (p. 385-386)

Cuticle, Xylem, Phloem

22.2a the ancestors of plants lived in water

22.2b Early plants invaded land

22.2c Plant bodies evolved to resist gravity and drying

22.2d Plants evolved sex cells that disperse without water and protection for their embryos

22.2e More recently evolved plants have smaller gametophytes

Summary: It is assumed that aquatic green algae grew into the first plants. Older plants

show similarities to modern algae. The first plants’ habitat where mostly terrestrial but consisted

of adaptable abilities. Plants have reproductive abilities that align with life on land containing

root structures and absorb water and nutrients.

22.3 What Are the Major Groups of Plants? (p. 387-397)

Non-Vascular Plants, Vascular Plants, Archegonia, Antheridia, Pollen, Seeds

Gymnosperms, Conifers, Ovules, Angiosperms, Flowers

22.3a Nonvascular plants lack conducting structures

22.3b Vascular plants have conducting cells that also provide support

22.3c the seedless vascular plants include the club mosses, horsetails, and ferns

22.3d the seed plants are aided by two important adaptions: pollen and seeds

22.3e Gymnosperms are nonflowering seed plants

22.3f Angiosperms are flowering seed plants

Summary: There are two major groups of plants. These are nonvascular and vascular

plants. They stem from their algal ancestors. Nonvascular plants are small and simple land

plants. They do not have conducting cells and usually live-in moist habitats. These are plants

that need water for the sperm to meet the egg. Vascular plants have conducting cells.

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are vascular type plants. They can adapt to life in dry

areas.

22.4 How Do Plants Affect Other Organisms? (p. 397-399)

Ecological

22.4a Plants play a crucial ecological role

22.4b Plants provide humans with necessities and luxuries

Summary: Plants hold an ecological role that captures energy through photosynthesis. This

plays a vital role of ecosystems and oxygen. Plants can be used by humans to provide food, fuel,

medicines, and other resources.

Reflection

Instructions: Write your responses below in the green boxes.

NOTE: The green boxes will expand when you type to the end of them.

1. Questions. After reading Chapter 19 and 22, write one question from each chapter that you have about the information. Go to the Discussion Board for Week 6 and post one or both of your questions below.

Chapter 19 Question	What species could you identify through DNA?
Chapter 22 Question	How does pollen help people?

2. Interesting Sections. Look at the Case Study, Science in Action, Health Watch, and Links to Everyday Life sections in each chapter. Pick ONLY one section from each chapter and in 3 sentences explain why that section was interesting to you.

	Why was this section interesting to you?
Chapter 19 Section	P. 349 the methods have been in a great aid when discovering the origin of HIV.
Chapter 22 Section	P. 399 when you learn about the corps lily it like thinking of an environment that brings things to life.

3. Design Perspective. Choose something in each chapter and explain in no more than 3 sentences how that information points to the designing work of a Creator. You will use these Design Perspective responses in your Critical Assignment, the Design Perspective Paper

	How does this information point to the designing work of a Creator?
Chapter 19	I figure that people sometimes come up with the weirdest thing when they choose names, and you learn all the different ways they come up with their name is incredible.
Chapter 22	This chapter was very relative with many different trends that are going on within our society and many people are investing in more things dealing with plants and herbs and their green thumb becoming more in depth.

Now Submit this completed Outlines and Reflection Document to Blackboard to be graded.