History Analytical essay

Immigration Through the Turn of the 21st Century

Week 6

Agenda ➢ Lecture: “Immigration Through the Turn of the 21st Century”

○ Nativism in the 1980s ■ Language ■ Targets

○ 21st Century ■ Undocumented Immigrants ■ Recession ■ Controversial State Laws

● Arizona ● Georgia

■ DACA ○ Trump

■ Muslim Immigrants ■ 2019

John Tanton, cofounder of US English “In this society, will the present majority peaceably hand over its political power to a group that is simply more fertile? Can homo contraceptivus compete with homo progenitivo if our borders aren’t controlled? … Perhaps this is the first instance in which those with their pants up are going to get caught by those with their pants down. As whites see their power and control over their lives declining, will they simply go quietly into the night? Or will there be an explosion?”

Targets of Nativism

1800s-1850s Catholic Irish Immigrants

1850s-1950s Asian Immigrants

1880s-1920s Eastern European Immigrants

1950s-Present Peoples from Central American and South America

1970s-1980s Messy

Undocumented Immigrants

1972 1 million undocumented immigrants (INS)

1974 4-12 million undocumented immigrants (INS)

1978 3.5 - 6 million (Census Bureau)

Undocumented Immigration

Undocumented Immigrants

Arizona SB 1070 “Support our Law Enforcement & Neighborhoods Act” ➢ State penalties to immigration law

○ Trespassing, harboring & transporting, alien registration documents, employer sanctions, & human smuggling

➢ Executive Order 2010-09 to establish training

➢ HB 2162 ○ To prevent racial profiling

➢ July 29, 2010

Georgia HB 87 ➢ Passed April 14, 2011 ➢ Began July 1, 2011 ➢ Requirements

○ Employers use E-Verify ○ Police to determine immigration status ○ Intentional transportation of

undocumented immigrant(s) crime with fine up to $1000 and prison time of 1 year

○ Undocumented immigrants convicted of using false ID for employment face 15 years in prison & up to $250,000 fine

➢ 2017: arrests of immigrants with no criminal records jumped from 1,050 to 4,400; deportations double

➢ Negative impact on Georgia agriculture ➢ Still in effect

DACA ➢ Deferred Action for Childhood

Arrivers ➢ June 12, 2012

○ Began August 15, 2012 ➢ Temporary protection and

administrative relief from deportation for 2 years

➢ Applicants ○ Had to be in US

continuously since 2007 ○ Arrived before age 16

➢ ~800,000 DACA recipients ➢ Aug. 15, 2015

DACA & Trump Administration ➢ Rescinded DACA September 15,

2017 ➢ Federal judge issued injunction

January 2018 ○ 4 days later applications

resumed ➢ January 16, 2018 Justice Dept.

appealed decision ➢ January 20, 2018 shut down

DACA

DACA & Trump Administration ➢ June 18, 2020 Supreme Court

rejected Trump administration’s end of DACA

➢ Mid July federal judge rules applications must resume

➢ June 28, 2020 Trump administration stated it would not accept new applications

Sanctuary Cities ➢ Municipal jurisdictions that

limited cooperation with national government to enforce immigration law

➢ Movement began in 1980s, in churches generally located in Southwest

Muslim Ban ➢ Executive Order 13769

“Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States,” January 27, 2017

➢ Banned foreign nationals from seven majority-Muslim countries for 90 days and Syrian refugees indefinitely

Family Separations

New Regulations "We certainly expect people of any income to be able to stand on their own two feet, so if people are not able to be self-sufficient, than this negative factor is going to bear very heavily against them in a decision about whether they'll be able to become a legal permanent resident." - acting US Citizenship and Immigration Services Director Ken Cuccinelli (August 12, 2019)

Conclusions Final thoughts

➢ How might we characterize immigration in the United States? ➢ How are attitudes toward immigrants and immigrant groups impacted by other

circumstances? ➢ How has immigration changed from the colonial period until today? ➢ And finally, how does immigration policy remained tied to the early history of

immigration in the US?

Thank you!