references

Basically, in any given country, citizens are generally required to express a certain degree of freedom and participation of any activity undertaken on the country. Participation therefore refers to the act of actively taking part in all the processes and activities in their country. Among these activities and processes are voting to recruit new leaders in the government, who would guide the way the entire country is governed, also the process of disbursing government funds and other activities in the country (Stolle, Hooghe, & Micheletti, 2005). They should therefore be actively involved in ensuring the success of anything taking part in their country in whatever way. Participation in this case therefore should have a model on which it has to adhere to. This model, therefore, has to be put in place before any interaction and socialization is done by the parties so as to ensure that their rights are well taken care of based on all their fields of interaction.

When we talk of conventional participation in any country, we basically refer to any activity that affects shapes and involves the political sphere of the country. It, therefore, ranges from voting to attending rallies as well as committing certain acts of terrorism to sending letters of representation (OPP, BUROW‐AUFFARTH, & Heinrichs, 1981). It is therefore relatively an uncommon behavior that basically aims to challenge of rather defy the government channels as well as the dominant culture of the country in question. In most of the cases, it is usually stressful based on the personal grounds for both the opponents and the participants of the same course of action. On the other hand, unconventional participation refers to the common political behavior and that basically uses the institutional channels related to any representative government, especially when it comes to voting and elections.

References

OPP, BUROW‐AUFFARTH, & Heinrichs, (1981). Conditions for conventional and unconventional political participation: An empirical test of economic and sociological hypotheses. European Journal of Political Research, 9(2), 147-168.

Stolle, Hooghe, & Micheletti, (2005). Politics in the supermarket: Political consumerism as a form of political participation. International political science review, 26(3), 245-269.