WK 6- CR- EMP REASON

Required Resources

Read/review the following resources for this activity:

• Textbook: Chapter 14 • Lesson 1, 2 • Myopia and Ambient Lighting at Night Links to an external site. • Myopia and Ambient Night-Time Lighting Links to an external site. • What Are Clinical Trials and Studies? Links to an external site. • Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook and noted readings)

Introduction

As the text points out, causal reasoning is used in clinical studies. As a professional in the health field, you will undoubtedly be referring to cause/effect studies for the rest of your professional life. In this discussion, you are asked to expand and deepen your understanding of clinical studies.

In 1999, a study on the causes of myopia appeared in the prestigious journal Nature (Quinn). The study received wide-spread publicity in leading newspapers, such as the New York Times, and on television outlets, such as CBS and CNN. Within a year, another article in Nature followed up the 1999 study (Zadnik et al., 2000). The studies had dramatically different findings.

Initial Post Instructions

Using what you have learned from the text, as well as any other sources you may find useful (including the website in the Required Resources), analyze and evaluate the methodology of both studies and how methodology affected the differences in how the studies were reported.

Reportage of both studies can be found with an Internet search using all of the following terms: <Philadelphia myopia night lights>.

Follow-Up Post Instructions

Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.

Writing Requirements

• Minimum of 3 posts (1 initial & 2 follow-up) • Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside

source) • APA format for in-text citations and list of references

Grading

This activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Please review the following link:

• Link (webpage): Discussion Guidelines Course Outcomes

CO 3: Analyze deductive and inductive reasoning structures.

CO 4: Evaluate arguments by applying tests of truthfulness, logical strength, relevance, and non-circularity.

CO 5: Evaluate the role of cognitive bias and fallacies of relevance in critical reasoning and decision-making.

Due Date

Due Date for Initial Post: By 11:59 p.m. MT Recommended by Wednesday

Due Date for Follow-Up Posts: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday

Posts must be on two separate days.

References

National Intitute on Aging. (n.d.). What are clinical trials and studies? https:// www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-are-clinical-trials-and-studies

Quinn, G. E., Shin, C. H., Maguire, M. G. & Stone, R. A. (1999). Myopia and ambient lighting at night. Nature, 399 (6732), 113-114. https://chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/ login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=mdc&AN=10335839&site=eds-live&scope=site

Zadnik, K., Jones, L. A., Irvin, B. C., Kleinstein, R. N., Manny, R. E., Shin, J. A., & Mutti, D. O. (2000). Myopia and ambient night-time lighting. CLEERE study group. Collaborative longitudinal evaluation of ethnicity and refractive error. Nature, 404(6774), 143-144. https://chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https:// search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=10724157&site=eds- live&scope=site