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Paneca

2 hours ago, at 1:36 PM

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Based on the readings from the course, I believe I am conducting an epidemiology study. It is a study that determines how often diseases occur in distinct groups of individuals and the reason behind it. The information gathered from the study will help to plan and evaluate the best ways to prevent such diseases and also guide as a management tool for patients who are already infected. Epidemiology is critical category of providing basic description of a certain disease(Cdc.gov, 2020).

The study will incorporate measurement of the outcomes of various diseases and relating them to the population at risk. The study will include a list of people who are at risk of contracting the disease whether they are sick or healthy. The data will rely on unbiased and systematic approach when correcting, analyzing and interpreting the data. like many other epidemiologic methods, the study will depend on careful observation, scientific field and utilization of valid comparing of various groups to determine whether the observation differ from the expectations.

There are various reasons that demonstrate that the epidemiology study will help to provide solution to the research problem. First, the study is quantitative study that will rely heavily on working knowledge from statistics and probability. Secondly, the study will be based on formulation and testing of hypothesis. The study will also involve monitoring of time trends to observe increase and decrease of diseases incidence and change in distribution (Wang & Attia, 2010). This kind of study is not only a research activity but also an important component in healthcare sector since it provides a foundation for appropriate actions in public and private healthcare facilities based on casual reasoning. The study will help to determine the cause and risk factors of certain disease hence controlling health problems in the society.

References

Cdc.gov. (2020). Principles of epidemiology | Lesson 1 - Section 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section1.html#:~:text

Wang, J. J., & Attia, J. (2010). Study designs in epidemiology and levels of evidence. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 149(3), 367-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2009.08.001

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Rivera Garcia

17 hours ago, at 10:39 PM

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Type of Study

As stated in phase one of the presentation of the problem to be investigated, it’s hospital infections.

Intra-hospital infections are a health problem due to their high frequency, a prolonged stay in the hospital, the fatal consequences that it brings and the high cost of healthcare. They are an indicator that makes it possible to measure the effectiveness of the hospital and other health centers (Roca et al., 2002).

The design of this research work will have a positivist approach, it’s quantitative, correlational, explanatory.

The quantitative perspective for research is linked to the philosophical perspective of logical positivism, which sustains that "truth" is absolute and that it can be revealed through careful measurement. This approach suggests that phenomena are better understood if their component parts are analyzed. This perspective is known by the name of reductionist. Positivism is the philosophical approach taken by the natural sciences, such as biology and chemistry (Berman & Snyder, 2013).

Quantitative research is an orderly, strict, explicit, and realistic method for establishing numerical information about the world. It's carried out to explain new events, analyze the correlation between the variables. It also serves to define the effectiveness of treatments globally (Burns & Grove, 2012).

According to Berman and Snyder (2013) quantitative research progresses through deductive, rational and methodical steps. In them, information is collected, frequently in controlled environments, and analyzed through statistical processes.

It's proposed that this study is of a correlational type, since it's intended to establish the link between the variables, these are intrahospital infections and invasive procedures. Correlational research links variables, it admits conjectures, quantifies the relationship between the variables. Correlational studies attempt to answer research questions. The purpose of this type of study is to understand the link between two variables in a specific sample or setting. Sometimes the relationship between two variables is observed, but relationships between three, four or more variables are arranged in a study (Hernández, Fernández, Baptista, 2014).

It's explanatory because it tries to identify the reason a certain event occurs or because there is a link between the variables. Explanatory studies are not limited to describing events or identifying the association between variables, they ask us why they happen, why there is such a link and in what circumstances they occur (Hernández et al., 2014).

References

Berman, A. & Snyder, S. (2013). Fundamentals of Nursing Kozier and Erb: Concepts, procedures and practices. (9th ed., Vol 1). Madrid:

Pearson Education.

Burns, N., & Grove, S.K. (2012). Nursing research: Development of evidence-based nursing practice. (5th ed.). Spain: Elsevier.

Hernández Sampieri, R., Fernández Collado, C., & Baptista Lucio, P. (2014). Definition of the scope of the research to be carried out:

exploratory, descriptive, correlational or explanatory. In Research Methodology (pp. 90-101). (6th ed.). Mexico: McGraw-Hill Education.

Roca, G. R., Smith, V.V., Paz, P. E., Losada, G. J., Serret, R.B., Llamos, S. N., … Cardona, G. D. (2002). Nosocomial infection. In Internal

Medicine Topics (pp. 503-513). (4th ed., Vol 3). Havana: Medical Sciences Editorial.

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Morales Aranegui

I am conducting an epidemiological study. The aim of my research is to find out how common compassion fatigue is among pediatric urology nurses, what factors in the pediatric urology environment influence compassion fatigue, and what strategies are

successful in reducing compassion fatigue in this setting. An epidemiological research study can be a scientific, systematic, or data-driven study of a particular event's incidence and risk factors in a specified population (Tappen, 2016). According to the CDC, an

epidemiological study is a technique for determining the causes of population-level health effects and diseases (Tappen, 2016). This definition covers all the aspects of my research.

The definition of epidemiological study covers various aspects, including the scientific aspect, the study of distribution or frequency, and the risk factors of a population health-related issues (Nature Communications, 2018). My study seeks to determine the cause of poor health outcomes in pediatric urology. More precisely, my research examines the prevalence of compassion fatigue among caregivers in this setting, as well as the processes that influence compassion fatigue, resulting in inefficient healthcare services. It

also seeks to uncover some of the most efficient methods for mitigating the problem. My study is scientific since it examines a phenomenon based on empirical or observable facts and is subject to logic and rational principles (Global Health with Greg Martin, 2017). The population of the study is pediatric urology nurses. The study will utilize both systematic review designs to create a background for the research and establish some of the methods employed to mitigate compassion fatigue in the past. Also, the study will involve data collected from interviewing various pediatric urology nurses. The aim will be to use both literature search and primary data to achieve the study's intended purpose. The aforementioned aspects of my study show evidence that qualifies it as an epidemiological study, as it absolutely suits the definition of epidemiological research.

References

Global Health with Greg Martin (2017, July 31). Epidemiology the Backbone of Public Health [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5XRh47T42

Nature Communications. (2018). Epidemiology is a science of high importance. Nature Communications, 9(1).

Tappen, R. M. (2016). Chapter 7: Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies. In Advanced nursing research: from theory to practice (pp. 114–116). essay, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

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Orellana

19 hours ago, at 9:02 PM

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Childhood Obesity

The public health challenge that has been chosen to examine is childhood obesity. The type of study that I am conducting is qualitative research. Descriptive design is a case study that helps to better understand people or events that have similar consequences (Tappen, 2015). The qualitative case study that I am performing includes both interpretative and descriptive elements. The use of qualitative methods helps to increase understanding of interventions and their effectiveness and allows the author to gain a better insight into the behavior change strategies, which are effective in addressing childhood obesity nowadays (Heerman et al., 2019). The most important information to be included in qualitative research study includes the following aspects: demographics, medications taken, eating habits, nutritional intake, the intensity of physical exercises, barriers to addressing obesity-related behavior, and sedentary behavior. In the context of the explored issue, I will be able to recognize views, concerns, experiences, and preferences of obese patients and their families. I have chosen the qualitative method as researchers frequently use it in the social sciences to collect, compare and interpret the most burning and pressing issues of the day.

In the context of childhood obesity, qualitative research seeks to explore promising population-based obesity management programs and the effects of this intervention on the respondents’ lives. The qualitative case study is based on semi- structure questionnaire that allows the interviewees to add their personal views and opinions on some interesting questions (DeJonckheere & Vaughn, 2019) and explain their own ideas on health-related issues, including excessive weight. In general, research is needed to better understand the current context and resources that the healthcare providers, including nurses, physicians, dietitians, and pediatricians need to provide and support possible interventions, as well as properly determine preferences of children and their parents, engaged in the intervention (Bourgeois et al., 2016). This valuable information may also inform the development and refinement of preventive measures used to prevent obesity in the young population.

References

Bourgeois, N., Brauer, P., Simpson, J. R., Kim, S., & Haines, J. (2016). Interventions for prevention of childhood obesity in primary care: A qualitative study. CMAJ Open, 4(2), E194. https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20150081

DeJonckheere, M., & Vaughn, L. M. (2019). Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: A balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2), e000057.

https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2018-000057

Heerman, W. J., Cole, J., Teeters, L., Lane, T., Burgess, L. E., Escarfuller, J., Bonnet, K., Barkin, S., & Schlundt, D. G. (2019). Qualitative analysis of COACH: A community-based behavioral intervention to reduce obesity health disparities within a marginalized community. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 16, 100452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100452

Ana

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My research is about prevention of elopement in long term facility. I'm proposing the use of a questionnaire to identify those at-risk individuals in the first 72 hours of admission to prevent the situation from occurring. It is going to be a quantitative study because examine a specific situation using precise measurement. As manipulation of variables will not occur, it not be considered an experimental research (Rutberg & Bouikidis, 2018). Is a collection of data using a questionnaire with close ended question inside a structured environment aimed to validate the expected outcome exposed on research question. This is going to be a simple descriptive research were the data collected describe a series of characteristics or attributes in a focus aspect to this specific population. The results can be analyzed using descriptive statics tools such as media, means, percentage (Tappen, 2016)

Among the types of descriptive methods, I will use the survey. The examiner will answer the questionnaire based on the initial assessment of each resident using all skills learned during nursing programs. This will result on a scale that allows to determine the probability of occurrence of the phenomena. The use of closed ended question made the data easy to analyze and, in this case, limit the response result essential to avoid biases or misunderstanding (Hale, 2011). The quantitative research is effective at standardizing the data collection, easy to replicate, allows direct comparison of results, can be used on large samples. But, is ineffective on complex situations due superficiality, narrow focus, structural bias, among others issues (Rutberg & Bouikidis, 2018). Yet, it fits the objectives of my study

References:

Hale, M. J. S. (2011, September 27). The 3 Basic Types of Descriptive Research Methods. Psych Central. https://psychcentral.com/blog/the-3-basic-types-of-descriptive-research-methods#2

Rutberg, S., & Bouikidis, C. D. (2018). Focusing on the Fundamentals: A Simplistic Differentiation Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 45(2), 209–212. http://www.homeworkgain.com/wp-content/uploads/edd/2019/09/20181009143525article2.pdf

Ruth M. Tappen. (2016). Nursing Research. Advanced Nursing Research: From Theory to Practice. (2nd ed.). ISBN: 9781284048308. Jones & Bartlett Learning Publication

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Lastra

5/31/21, 9:29 AM

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The topic I want to cover in the research I am trying to conduct about how the eating disorders are present in females with Hispanic background. In my study I am looking to find the data that would help clarify or support what is already know on this topic but emphasized such prevalence within the sample. I believe the descriptive research method will be a good fit, because it will be able to conduct surveys, that allow for the gathering of data that can be analyzed and averages and patterns to be easily identified (Tappen, 2016).

I like the quantitative research methods because they can be used not only with descriptive research but also in correlational research or experimental research. At the end of the research, I will be able to assess the reliability and the validity of the data that was collected, and the consistency or accuracy of the methods used in the process. I like about it that if necessary, the study can be repeated, because of the standardized data collection protocols while the direct comparisons provides consistency for the results.

At the same time, I would also like to take advantage of the mixed methods, because I can get the insights of both, qualitative and qualitative approaches as well. This makes possible the complementation of both approaches into getting a better understanding of what specifics related to the diet contribute to the development of cancer as a phenomenon. The meta-analysis is also useful in that it helps analyze all the results of multiple studies already conducted into the single topic I am researching contributing to more accuracy and support when studying my data results (Tappen, 2016).

The epidemiological designs can be helpful in my study as well because they target the distribution and determinants of health-related conditions. For instance, the incidence and prevalence of eating disorders within the community of Hispanic females will lead to the design and implementation of nursing strategies to minimize the effects

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