journal

Running Head: Week five Journal 1

Journal for week Five

PHIL347N-61344 : Critical Thinking

Self-Regulation

Self-regulation is an integrated learning process, consisting of the development of a set of constructive behaviors that affect one's learning. It is one of the core critical thinking skills. Therefore, critical thinking skills is defined as skills as the ability to control oneself in solving a problem where in behaving, need consideration using ones thought for before making decision. The thought process of critical thinking skills involves the ability to interpret information, analyze this information, evaluate it and then conclude for decision making.

System-1 and System-2

System-1 thinking refers to our intuitive system, which is typically fast, automatic, effortless, implicit and emotional. be called as "Gut Reaction". It is a fast thinking. Instinctive nature is it's main characteristic. We make most decisions in life using System 1 thinking. We decide how to interpret verbal language or visual information automatically and unconsciously (Bazerman & Moore, 2013). An example of system-1 thinking from my personal life is deciding to branch in a grocery store on my way back from work. In this example, I just made a quick decision. I did not plan it or think it through, just decided there and then. I could make mistakes such as not having enough money or spending money I planned to do something else with.

System 2 refers to reasoning that is slower, conscious, effortful, explicit and logical. This system requires energy and it can't work without attention but once it has been engaged, it has the ability to filter the instincts of system 1.The logical steps in the rational decision making process is an example of system 2 thinking (Bazerman & Moore, 2013). An example of system-2 in my work life includes making the weekly schedule for the staff under me at my job. In making the schedule, I need to think thoroughly about each staff and each shift making sure that each staff is on the right shift and also that there are no clashes or repeated shifts.

Heuristics

Heuristics are dynamic intellectual processes that assist humans in problem solving and learning of new approaches. Heuristics utilizes alternate way techniques and these strategies make issues less intricate by overlooking a portion of the information that is comes to the brain, either deliberately or unknowingly.it has become an important approach when it comes to judgment and decision-making. A good example of Heuristics is from my previous job. I worked as a low-level intern at the Chicago board of trade, and we invested in security markets. Most of small-time workers just copy the big workers blindly and make our investment or we use methods that are shortcuts to trade stocks.

The positive effect Are as follows

1. It cuts down the length of procedure of work.

2. It assists with monitoring time for different works.

3. It’s a dynamic way of making decisions

Negative effects are as follows

1, It makes us get used to using shortcuts

2, It causes bad decision making

Dominance structure

Dominance structure is defined as offering significance to the benefits of a choice in the process of decision making, while giving less significance to its negative aspects and also to the benefits of different options. It helps us in being confident of the decisions we make, follow up on it, and continue in it for a while. It may be either a positive or negative characteristic of critical thinking depending on how we use it. By doing this, we become prone to sticking to one option and ignore all other options even if the option we chose is wrong. In my own opinion, I believe dominance structure can be both a positive and a negative aspect of critical thinking. This is because sometimes claims can be false, and other times claims that end up being true might be helpful.

Cognitive Bias

System1 thinking is easily determined, automatic which means it just happens, oblivious and 98 percent of our thinking is comprised of System-1. Most times, this type of thinking is how we make first impressions. This is because it fast or quick thinking and its sometimes logical. However, its also prone to error and bias. When we think deep and carry out proper research and try to understand the data and the facts before us, it helps us a lot in avoiding mistakes and errors that occur with system-1 thinking. This mastery of facts helps us avoid cognitive bias.

References:

Bazerman, M. H., & Moore, D. A. (2013). Judgment in managerial decision making (8th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.