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RATIONALE 2
Reflection-Rationale for Differentiated Instruction
Mary Garcia
Ashford University
ESE 645 Lesson Design for Students With Mild to Moderate Disabilities Instructor: Shaley Klepfer
November 30, 2020
Content Area or Developmental Focus:
Age/Grade of Children:
Length of Lesson:
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IEP Goals
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Students will learn and incorporate self-determination skills in learning and personal activities. Improve reading comprehension Exercise control on yelling and arm flailing Able to control learning and personal activities, including self-care |
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Objective |
· Developing creativity. · Develop a sense of self-awareness. · Captivating goal-setting capabilities. · Developing capacity to assume responsibility in learning and self-care routines without prompting. · Developing problem-solving capabilities and enable Bianca to find solutions instead of yelling, flaring and biting of arms.
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Standards Included
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CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.R.L.2.1 Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate an understanding of key details in a text. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.2.7 Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate an understanding of its characters, setting, or plot.
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Materials
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Videos Power-point slideshows Tape recorders Photographs Projectors Digital screens Writing materials Ipads
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Introduction
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· The class will start by setting goals to be achieved by the end of the lesson. · Each student would articulate what they stand to achieve by the end of the lesson. This step aims to captivate goal setting capabilities. Activities undertaken during the class sessions would help denote the student’s problem-solving capabilities. · The presentation of various problematic situations will offer the students an opportunity to brainstorm feasible solutions. After completing the class, the same cases would be highlighted and realizing the student’s progress by providing efficient and effective solutions. · Students would have to make choices at the end of the class determine the appropriateness of the choices, to depict developed decisions making capabilities. · Help students formulate short term and long-term goals and allow them to formulate others on their own. · Monitor the student’s change in self-determination skills during the class session. · Monitor student while completing assignments in peer groups. |
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Lesson Development
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· Developing self-determination skills through direct instruction. · In groups of 3 or 4 students, students will outline their attributes and of their peers. · The students will define and differentiate the short term and long term goals while outlining specific goals. · The students will also develop individual and peer group goals to achieve by the end of the classroom session. · The students will evaluate the similarities and differences in the formulated goals. · The student will have the freedom to choose the visual aids of their choice during the class session. · The student would resolve the problems that could be barriers to the achievement of the set goals. · Action plans would be set to facilitate the achievement of the set goals. · The student would be allowed to make decisions that align with their preferences and interests. · Allowing students to speak out for themselves in promoting their well-being.
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Differentiation |
· Modifications would need to be made depending on the students learning requirements as denoted in the needs assessment. · As a visual learner, Bianca’s differentiation would require visual aids such as ipads while using visual characters to ensure visualization. · A change in the sitting arrangement would give Bianca close proximity to the teacher. · The arrangement gives close monitoring while avoiding the student’s’ self-injurious behaviors. · Self-assessment enables Bianca to develop autonomy and feel part of the learning process. · The sitting position enables the development of reading comprehension and math reading capabilities.
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Assessment (Practice/ Checking for Understanding)
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· Self-assessment · A personalized quiz based on creativity, goal-setting, control, and self-awareness |
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Closing
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The class session would be finalized by evaluating the student’s goal-setting and decision-making capabilities. The students would outline the changes following the completion of the class sessions. The teacher will determine improvement in student’s utilization of self-determination skills.
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Rationale for Differentiated Instruction
The first differentiation instruction when teaching Bianca is the incorporation of visual aids. Bianca is a visual learner and would be more motivates and involved in learning when using visual aids. The use of these learning materials ensures that Bianca actively listens to the class teachings. According to Lerner et al. (2015), teachers often make the mistake of assuming that students with mild and moderate disabilities know how to listen. The authors added that students with learning disabilities miss out on important information and instruction because they do not actively listen. Using learning aids that interest students improve their participation in the learning process.
The second differentiation instruction is positioning Bianca close to the teacher. This classroom arrangement facilitates monitoring of Bianca’s learning process while avoiding self-injurious behaviors such as arm biting, yelling, and arms flailing. The teacher could embrace the semi-circular seating arrangement. Bender (2008) noted that the student with questionable behaviors would be seated close to the teacher in the semi-circular arrangement. In the arrangement, the author noted that this arrangement gives the teacher visual monitoring of the student’s behaviors while assisting a specific child. In this arrangement, the teacher could assist Bianca while also monitoring other students’ learning. The author added that the semi-circular arrangement enables the teacher to face the other students almost simultaneously.
In differentiation instruction, the seating arrangement is important to consider to maximize the student’s learning outcomes. Bender (2008) stated that the facilitation of differentiated instruction for students with a learning disability requires a physical classroom arrangement that enables instructional variations. Maintenance of a specific sitting pattern is also instrumental in improving learning outcomes. According to Bain & Jacobs (1990), as cited by Hammel and Hourigan (2011), students with special needs benefit from having a consistent sitting position.
References
Bender, W. N. (2008). Differentiating instruction for students with learnig disabilities: Best teaching practices for general and special educators. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press
Hammel, A., & Hourigan, R. M. (2011). Teaching music to students with special needs: A label free approach. New York: Oxford University Press
Lerner, J. W., Johns, B. H., & Lerner, J. W. (2015). Learning disabilities and related disabilities: Strategies for success. Cengage Learning
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