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Week5.3-ArchitecturalDrawings.pdf

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CMGT 2300-4320

Architectural Planning & Design Management

Construction Drawings

Why plan reading is important!

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Architectural Drawings

• Show the materials and construction process used

to make a structure

• Drawings specify:

– Interior and exterior materials

– Requirements for structural components

– Windows, doors, insulation, and finishes

• Make up the core of the drawing set on a project

• Typically classified with the prefix A

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Floor Plans

• Show the building layout

• Drawn to scale (usually 1/4 = 1-0)

• Generated by making a cut about 4 above

finished floor

• Serve as a reference for other types of drawings:

– Mechanical plans

– Plumbing plans

– Electrical plans

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Floor Plans (Cont.)

(CR architecture + design)

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Main Floor Plan Example

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Upper Floor Plan Example

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Lower Floor Plan Example

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Wall Representation Practices

• Exterior walls thicker than interior walls,

• Exterior and interior walls the same thickness, or

• Walls drawn at the exact thickness of construction

materials

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Exterior Walls

• Main floor plan example

• Lower floor plan example

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Wall Shading

• None

• Dark

• Light

• Closely spaced thin lines

• Wood grain effect

• Color

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Partial Walls

• Room dividers

• Guardrails

• Normally at least a 36" (915 mm) high

• Specifications noted

• May be shaded

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Door Symbols

• Exterior doors include a sill shown on the outside

of the house

• Interior doors do not display a sill

• Normally at least 3" (75 mm) of construction

materials where the door swings against the wall

• Main floor plan example

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Door Symbols

• Pocket

• Bipass

• Bifold

• Sliding glass

• Main floor plan example

• Upper floor plan example

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Door Symbols

• Double-entry

• French

• Double-acting

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Door Symbols

• Dutch

• Accordion

• Overhead garage

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Window Symbols

• Include a sill on the outside and inside

• Type and size is noted on the floor plan or in the

window schedule

• Lower floor plan example

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Window Symbols

• Horizontal sliding

• Casement

• Double-hung

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Window Symbols

• Awning

• Hopper

• Jalousie

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Window Symbols

• Fixed

• Bay

• Garden

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Schedules

• List of materials or products required in a structure

• Specify types, sizes, and number of items required

• A symbol or tag identifies each item in both the

schedule and drawing

• Types of schedules:

– Door

– Window

– Finish

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Schedules (Cont.)

(CR architecture + design)

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Skylights

• Add additional daylight in a room

• Allow natural light to enter an interior room

• Upper floor plan example

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Schedules

• Doors

• Windows

• Appliances

• Materials

• Fixtures

• Hardware

• Finishes

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Schedules

• Lower floor plan example

• Alternative schedule key method

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Door and Window Labels

• Simplified (shown)

• Manufactures catalog number

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Vendors’ Specifications

• Door catalog

• Window catalog

• Construction details

• Product specifications

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Kitchen Cabinets, Fixtures, and Appliances

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Bathroom Cabinets and Fixtures

• Vanity

• Main floor plan example

• Upper floor plan example

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Utility Rooms

• Clothes washer and dryer

• Laundry tray

• Ironing board

• Furnace

• Hot-water heater

• Main floor plan example

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Wardrobes and Closets

• Upper floor plan example

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Finish Material Identification

• None

• Notes

• Characteristic symbols

• Finish schedule

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Structural Materials Identification

• Notes

• Symbols

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Stairs on Floor Plans

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Stairs on Floor Plans

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Steps to Sunken and Raised Rooms

• One or more steps required

• Steps noted with an arrow

• Required handrails and guardrails shown

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Fireplaces

• Masonry

• Wood frame

• Steel fireboxes

• Zero clearance

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Wood Storage and Cleanout

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Additional Fireplace Items

• Combustion air

• Gas-burning fireplace

• Built-in masonry barbecue

• Main floor plan example

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Multilevel Fireplaces

• Fireplace can be placed at each floor

• Flues of all stacked fireplaces to extend to the top

of the chimney

• Main floor plan example

• Upper floor plan example

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Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances

• Airtight stoves

• Freestanding fireplaces

• Fireplace stoves

• Room heaters

• Zero-clearance fireplaces

• Antique stoves

• Fireplace inserts

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Room Titles

• Main floor plan example

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Other Floor Plan Symbols

• Hose bibb

• Concrete slab

– Patios

– Walks

– Garages

– Driveways

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Other Floor Plan Symbols

• Attic and crawl space access

• Floor drains

• Cross section symbol (shown)

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Floor Plans (Cont.)

• Other types of drawings fall under the

classification of floor plans:

– Demolition plans

– Enlarged plans

– Reflected ceiling plans

– Floor finish plans

– Overview plans

Elevations

• Show the vertical layout of the building

• Can be either interior or exterior views

• Show the appearance of the building

• Define construction materials, elevation marks,

and section cuts

• One drawing for each face of a building

– Usually identified by compass direction

Elevations (Cont.)

(CR architecture + design)

Types of Elevations

• Exterior:

– Show doors, windows, gutters, and roof lines

– Indicate building materials, such as siding

– Show underground features with hidden lines

• Interior:

– Used for cabinets, bathroom layouts, or window

walls

– Used when a vertical surface has complex details

Types of Elevations (Cont.)

(CR architecture + design)

Sections

• Used to clarify construction of a particular item

– Wall

– Roof

– Chimney

• Drawn at a larger scale to show complete

information

• Taken from a plan or elevation drawing

• Identified by locating a section cutting plane

Building Sections

(CR architecture + design)

Detail Sections

• Show a small portion of

a building to clarify

construction

• Made at a larger scale

• May be placed on

same sheet as

corresponding plan or

elevation

(CR architecture + design)

Glossary

• Cleanout (C.O. or CO)

– A small door in the floor of the fireplace firebox that

allows ashes to be dumped into a hollow cavity built

into the fireplace below the floor.

• Combustion air

– Outside air supplied in sufficient quantity for fuel

combustion.

• Concrete

– A building material made from cement, sand,

gravel, and water.

Glossary

• Drywall

– An interior wall covering, also known as gypsum, installed in large sheets made from gypsum board. Gypsum is a mineral consisting of hydrous calcium sulfate that is used in making drywall.

• Flue

– A heat-resistant, incombustible enclosed passageway in a chimney that carries combustion products from the fireplace.

• Framing

– The process of creating the framework of the building, usually using wood or steel construction members.

Glossary

• Guardrails

– Partitions used for safety on balconies, lofts, stairs, and decks that are over 30" (760 mm) above the next lower level.

• Hose bibb

– An outdoor water faucet to which a garden hose can be attached.

• Masonry

– The building of structures from individual units laid and bound together by mortar.

• Schedules

– Charts of specific items keyed to numbered symbols used on the floor plan.

Glossary

• Sill

– A shelf or slab of stone, wood, or metal at the foot

of a door or window.

• Studs

– The vertical construction members used for framing

walls and partitions.

• Vanity

– Typically, a bathroom cabinet containing a sink with

a mirror above; can be any length depending on the

space available.

Glossary

• Veneer

– A thin surface layer of masonry applied to the

exterior of a wood-framed wall.

• Zero clearance

– Insulated fireplace units made of steel that can be

used with wood-framed chimneys.