Biology - Anatomy homework

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Interpretation and Application of Data

June 23rd, 2024

Interpretation and Application of Data

Introduction

The pancreas is a critical organ that plays a significant role in metabolic and digestive functions. However, the prognosis for pancreatic cancer stays poor, rendering it the third leading factor in cancer mortality, with an exponentially growing rate regardless of demographic characteristics.

This study examines the association between tobacco use and pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Tobacco consumption impacts risk, and clarifying its role informs prevention. The study studies tobacco in packs per day and the risk of pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Recent systematic literature has guaranteed a connection between smoking and pancreatic cancer. However, additional reviews are critical while concluding relationships when different variables are controlled.

Research question: What is the relationship between tobacco consumption, as measured by packs smoked per day, and the risk of pancreatic cancer diagnosis? Dependent variable: Pancreatic cancer. Independent variable: tobacco consumption (packs smoked per day) Null hypothesis: There exists no relationship between tobacco consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Alternate hypothesis: There exists a relationship between tobacco consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Annotated Bibliography

Bibliography 1:

Edirisinghe, S., Weerasekera, M., De Silva, D., Liyanage, I., Niluka, M., Madushika, K., Deegodagamage, S., Wijesundara, C., Rich, A., De Silva, H., Hussaini, H., De Silva, K., & Yasawardene, S. (2022). The Risk of Oral Cancer among Different Categorise Tobacco Smoking Exposure in Sri Lanka. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 23(9), 2929–2935. https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.9.2929

This source examines the risk of oral cancer based on different categories of tobacco smoking exposure in Sri Lanka. A case-control study incorporated 105 patients with oral cancer and 210 controls. The investigation discovered that the number of cigarettes smoked each day and the consolidated utilization of betel quid and smoking are critical threats to cancer among Sri Lankans. While this source fails to examine the connection between tobacco and pancreatic cancer explicitly, it gives significant information on the disease risk from various degrees of tobacco consumption.

Bibliography 2:

Mohammad Moein Vakilzadeh, Reza Khayami, Danyal Daneshdoust, Reza Moshfeghinia, Farzad Sharifnezhad, Zahra Taghiabadi, Hanieh Keikhay Moghadam, Mohammad Ali Karimi, Ghorbani, A., Pegah Bahrami Taqanaki, Nima Boojar, Azarshab, A., Soodabeh Shahidsales, & Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian. (2024). Prevalence of tobacco use among cancer patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18594-8

This source provides details regarding a deliberate survey and meta-analysis of the pervasiveness of tobacco consumption among cancer patients in Iran. It surveyed 26 studies involving more than 32,000 cancer patients. The investigation revealed that the patients shared 33.7% of current tobacco use and 12.9% of previous tobacco use. Although the source fails to examine tobacco usage in relation to cancer rates directly, it provides an important foundation for tobacco use trends among Iranian cancer patients.

Bibliography 3:

Scherübl, H. (2022). Tobacco Smoking and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk. Visceral Medicine, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000523668

This study examined the relationship between tobacco use and several gastrointestinal cancers, showing that anal, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, biliary, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancers are all brought on by tobacco use. On pancreatic cancer specifically, this manuscript reveals that cigarette smoking approximately doubles the relative risk, and smoking intensity is an increasing risk. It also reports that smoking cessation can help reduce excess pancreatic cancer risk. This source directly examines the link between tobacco consumption and pancreatic cancer risk.

Bibliography 4:

Weber, M. F., Sarich, P. E. A., Vaneckova, P., Wade, S., Egger, S., Ngo, P., Joshy, G., Goldsbury, D. E., Yap, S., Feletto, E., Vassallo, A., Laaksonen, M. A., Grogan, P., O’Connell, D. L., Banks, E., & Canfell, K. (2021). Cancer incidence and cancer death in relation to tobacco smoking in a population‐based Australian cohort study. International Journal of Cancer, 149(5), 1076–1088. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33685

This cohort study examined information from over 229,000 Australian respondents to investigate the connection between smoking history, cancer frequency, and mortality. The outcomes show that current smokers have an expanded risk of pancreatic cancer compared with non-smokers. Risk also increases, corresponding to smoking intensity. This source provides additional evidence on the positive association between tobacco consumption and pancreatic cancer risk, based on a large population-level cohort from Australia.

Statistical Test Data Dictionary:

References

Edirisinghe, S., Weerasekera, M., De Silva, D., Liyanage, I., Niluka, M., Madushika, K., Deegodagamage, S., Wijesundara, C., Rich, A., De Silva, H., Hussaini, H., De Silva, K., & Yasawardene, S. (2022). The Risk of Oral Cancer among Different Categorise Tobacco Smoking Exposure in Sri Lanka. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 23(9), 2929–2935. https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.9.2929

Mohammad Moein Vakilzadeh, Reza Khayami, Danyal Daneshdoust, Reza Moshfeghinia, Farzad Sharifnezhad, Zahra Taghiabadi, Hanieh Keikhay Moghadam, Mohammad Ali Karimi, Ghorbani, A., Pegah Bahrami Taqanaki, Nima Boojar, Azarshab, A., Soodabeh Shahidsales, & Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian. (2024). Prevalence of tobacco use among cancer patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18594-8

Scherübl, H. (2022). Tobacco Smoking and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk. Visceral Medicine, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000523668

Weber, M. F., Sarich, P. E. A., Vaneckova, P., Wade, S., Egger, S., Ngo, P., Joshy, G., Goldsbury, D. E., Yap, S., Feletto, E., Vassallo, A., Laaksonen, M. A., Grogan, P., O’Connell, D. L., Banks, E., & Canfell, K. (2021). Cancer incidence and cancer death in relation to tobacco smoking in a population‐based Australian cohort study. International Journal of Cancer, 149(5), 1076–1088. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33685