week 4 management

Question 1

_____ is a way of approaching business opportunities and challenges.

	a.	Value migration
	b.	Strategic management
	c.	Supply-chain management
	d.	Greenwashing
	e.	Self-dealing

Question 2

Mechanistic organizations

	a.	are most frequently found in stable environments.
	b.	have the least level of specialization.
	c.	are least likely to have rules and regulations.
	d.	are the most decentralized.
	e.	are least likely to be bureaucratic.

Question 3

Changes in the performance of an existing service or the creation of a new one are _____ innovations.

	a.	product
	b.	operational
	c.	technical
	d.	managerial
	e.	process

Question 4

In a _____, the entrepreneur summarizes the business strategy and how that strategy is to be implemented.

	a.	mission statement
	b.	market summary
	c.	cost-benefit analysis
	d.	business environment analysis
	e.	business plan

Question 5

When decision makers do not know all the risks associated with each alternative or the likely consequences of each one, they are making decisions in a condition of

	a.	risk.
	b.	certainty.
	c.	programming.
	d.	ambiguity.
	e.	uncertainty.

Question 6

Keisha is the vice president of accounting, and she has to decide which computer software to purchase for her department. She has looked at all of the possible alternatives and is leaning toward the system with which she is most familiar. This is an example of _____.

	a.	bounded rationality
	b.	optimizing
	c.	synergy
	d.	escalation of commitment
	e.	satisficing

Question 7

_____ is the process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement.

	a.	Job rotation
	b.	Centralization
	c.	Industrialization
	d.	Departmentalization
	e.	Job enrichment

Question 8

Determining how a company's activities and resources are to be grouped is called

	a.	leading.
	b.	controlling.
	c.	divesting.
	d.	planning.
	e.	organizing.

Question 9

According to Woodward's findings related to technology and organization design

	a.	mass-production organizations tended to be the least bureaucratic.
	b.	unit-batch organizations tended to be the most bureaucratic.
	c.	unit-batch organizations had the highest level of specialization.
	d.	mass-production organizations had a higher level of specialization.
	e.	successful continuous-process organizations tended to have more bureaucracy.

Question 10

Strategic goals are set by

	a.	first-line managers.
	b.	middle managers.
	c.	top managers.
	d.	stockholders.
	e.	consumers.

Question 11

Which of the following is  an informal organizational dimension of managing social responsibility?

	a.	Philanthropic giving
	b.	Licensing
	c.	Legal compliance
	d.	Ethical compliance
	e.	Organizational culture

Question 12

R&D at Venus Electronics Inc. has created an innovative new device. Management now needs to decide if Venus should launch this device as its next new product now or wait for the next one. Venus can estimate the costs to develop, produce, and market this device as well as forecast sales. But there are many unknowns in both the new product development and market conditions that Venus cannot accurately predict. Therefore, Venus is making this decision under a condition of

	a.	risk.
	b.	certainty.
	c.	uncertainty.
	d.	ambiguity.
	e.	security.

Question 13

Development of guidelines and codes of conduct is one of the most common ways through which an organization ensures

	a.	philanthropic giving.
	b.	risk management.
	c.	ethical compliance.
	d.	export restraint agreements.
	e.	technological specification.

Question 14

_____ is change that is designed and implemented in an orderly and timely fashion in anticipation of future events.

	a.	Organic change
	b.	Planned change
	c.	Reactive change
	d.	Crisis change
	e.	Involuntary change

Question 15

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act forbids discrimination against workers above which of the following ages?

	a.	40
	b.	45
	c.	50
	d.	55
	e.	65

Question 16

When the prices of oil came down, the demand for sport utility vehicles (SUVs) increased. Automakers chose to increase production of full-size SUVs as the profit from large vehicles is greater than that from small vehicles. Which step in the rational decision-making model is illustrated in the scenario?

	a.	Evaluating decision effectiveness
	b.	Developing a set of rational alternatives
	c.	Recognizing and defining the decision situation
	d.	Selecting the best alternative and implementing it
	e.	Evaluating the possible alternatives

Question 17

​Mortgage companies, and pawnshops operate in the _____ industry.

	a.	​services
	b.	​retail
	c.	​manufacturing
	d.	​wholesale
	e.	​finance

Question 18

Myrtle Wines, a chain of wine retailers, has prepared guidelines that clearly specify how employees should interact with suppliers, customers, competitors, and other people associated with their business. These guidelines are documented and distributed at all Myrtle outlets. The guidelines prepared by Myrtle forms its

	a.	fair trade standards.
	b.	strategic plan.
	c.	business plan.
	d.	code of ethics.
	e.	licensing agreement.

Question 19

_____ is a systematized procedure for collecting and recording information about jobs within an organization.

	a.	Job enlargement
	b.	Job analysis
	c.	Job evaluation
	d.	Job enrichment
	e.	Job specialization

Question 20

Creating different teams for finance, production, and marketing is consistent with _____ departmentalization.

	a.	location
	b.	product
	c.	functional
	d.	sequential
	e.	customer

Question 21

A good deal of money is usually needed to start a(n) _____ business because of the investment normally required in equipment, energy, and raw materials.

	a.	retail
	b.	wholesaling
	c.	manufacturing
	d.	services
	e.	insurance

Question 22

An example of judgmental performance measure is

	a.	ranking.
	b.	total sales.
	c.	scrap rate.
	d.	dollar volume of sales.
	e.	number of units produced.

Question 23

Strategic plans

	a.	have a short-term focus and are relatively narrow in scope, dealing with a fairly small set of activities.
	b.	typically involve upper and middle management and have a somewhat shorter time horizon and a more specific and concrete focus.
	c.	generally have an extended time horizon, and address questions of scope, resource deployment, competitive advantage, and synergy.
	d.	are concerned more with actually getting things done than with deciding what to do.
	e.	focus on how to operationalize actions necessary to achieve goals.

Question 24

William had invested in an initial public offering. He kept incurring losses due to unfavorable market conditions. However, he decided to keep the investment because he had spent so much money on it. This scenario best exemplifies _____.

	a.	escalation of commitment
	b.	rational decision making
	c.	evidence-based management
	d.	satisficing
	e.	rationality

Question 25

Small businesses

	a.	are least likely to lay off workers during economic downswings.
	b.	employ 0.2 percent of all workers in the United States.
	c.	hire at a slower rate than large companies during economic recovery.
	d.	are not present in the technology sector.
	e.	are a key source of new jobs in various industries.

Question 26

Two high school students applied to the same college. There was only one slot left. The student with the slightly lower grades was accepted because he is a member of a minority ethnic group. This scenario illustrates

	a.	employment at will.
	b.	source monitoring error.
	c.	affirmative action.
	d.	confirmatory bias.
	e.	equal employment opportunity.

Question 27

Which of the basic forms of technology identified by Woodward is assumed to be the most complex?

	a.	Unit
	b.	Small-batch
	c.	Continuous-process
	d.	Large-batch
	e.	Mass-production

Question 28

According to the evidence-based management approach, managers must

	a.	base decisions on untested but strongly held beliefs.
	b.	be committed to fact-based decision making.
	c.	completely rely on the recommendations made by others.
	d.	avoid experimentation.
	e.	discourage employees from telling the unpleasant truth.

Question 29

In which step of the rational decision-making model does the decision maker test the feasibility and satisfactoriness of alternatives before choosing one?

	a.	Evaluating alternatives
	b.	Following up the implementation
	c.	Implementing the chosen alternative
	d.	Identifying alternatives
	e.	Defining the situation

Question 30

In the reengineering process, the first step involves

	a.	creating a sense of urgency among managers.
	b.	optimizing top-down and bottom-up perspectives.
	c.	emphasizing top management's commitment to reengineering.
	d.	setting goals and developing a strategy.
	e.	implementing the chosen strategy across the organization.

Question 31

A(n) _____ occurs when an employee’s decision potentially benefits the individual to the possible detriment of the organization.

	a.	conflict of interest
	b.	violation of organizational culture
	c.	loss of confidence
	d.	act of incitement​
	e.	security breach

Question 32

Professor Campbell needs to recommend a biology textbook for his senior class. Only two well-known publishers, Educate and WordTree, publish biology textbooks in the state, and both publishers are known for the clarity and extensiveness of their content. When Campbell chooses a textbook from one of the two publishers, he is making a decision in a state of

	a.	risk.
	b.	irrationality.
	c.	imperfect information.
	d.	ambiguity.
	e.	certainty.

Question 33

Of the basic strategic challenges facing small firms, which one must be addressed first?

	a.	Writing a business plan
	b.	Identifying distinctive competencies
	c.	Getting financing
	d.	Choosing an industry in which to compete
	e.	Selecting a location

Question 34

A(n) _____ is an area in an organization's environment that, if exploited, may generate higher performance.

	a.	process loss
	b.	organizational strength
	c.	economic downswing
	d.	process gain
	e.	organizational opportunity

Question 35

Which of the following is an advantage of direct investment?

	a.	Simplicity
	b.	Greater certainty
	c.	Greater political support
	d.	New infrastructure
	e.	Enhanced control

Question 36

WexAll Industries has seen demand for its RB37 start to slow down. In addition, the number of other companies producing a similar product has started to go down as well, and there have not been any new entrants into this market. The RB37 is most likely in the _____ stage of the product life cycle.

	a.	decline
	b.	maturity
	c.	growth
	d.	introduction
	e.	post-prime

Question 37

Units with _____ interdependence operate with little interaction—the output of the units is put together at the organizational level.

	a.	pooled
	b.	reciprocal
	c.	structural
	d.	sequential
	e.	total

Question 38

A company has built a new manufacturing plant to increase production. This scenario illustrates which step in the Lewin model of organization change?

	a.	Implementation
	b.	Unfreezing
	c.	Entropy
	d.	Refreezing
	e.	Reengineering

Question 39

Alba Inc. replaced old equipment with new and advanced production equipment in all its plants. This is an example of a change in the area of

	a.	technology and operations.
	b.	job design.
	c.	line-staff structure.
	d.	organization culture.
	e.	people.

Question 40

Which of the following is true of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

	a.	The WTO focuses too narrowly on human rights and the environment.
	b.	The WTO promotes trade flows by encouraging nations to adopt preferential and flexible trade policies.
	c.	The WTO replaced the GATT and dismissed its mission.
	d.	The WTO establishes impartial procedures for resolving trade disputes among its members.
	e.	The WTO requires members to limit their markets in international trade.

Question 41

_____ is the set of processes used to get members of an organization to work together to further the interests of the organization.

	a.	Planning
	b.	Controlling
	c.	Decision making
	d.	Organizing
	e.	Leading

Question 42

A(n) ____ goal for a waste management plant could be to "identify barriers to recycling as well as means to overcome those barriers; determine recycling rates by neighborhood and find correlations, if any, between barriers and neighborhoods." It would develop naturally out of a strategic goal "to increase recycling by 10% everywhere."

	a.	functional
	b.	departmental
	c.	tactical
	d.	divestiture
	e.	strategic

Question 43

When compared to flat organizations, tall organizations

	a.	place excessive responsibilities on managers.
	b.	foster more employee productivity.
	c.	foster fewer communication problems.
	d.	are less bureaucratic.
	e.	are more expensive.

Question 44

Alpha Motors Inc. was affected by the recession in 2008. The company had to make extensive changes to its organizational structure and design. This scenario illustrates how _____ forces lead management to make changes.

	a.	technical
	b.	internal
	c.	external
	d.	regulatory
	e.	legal

Question 45

At Supertech Inc., a technology company, employees are given more authority and are allowed to make their own decisions. Supertech operates in a business environment that is not predictable. The middle managers, supervisors, and employees have a degree of autonomy and are encouraged to make decisions. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in the scenario? 

	a.	Deskilling
	b.	Micromanagement
	c.	High power distance
	d.	Decentralization
	e.	Job specialization

Question 46

A firm with few subunits is said to have a low level of

	a.	entropy.
	b.	differentiation.
	c.	integration.
	d.	bureaucracy.
	e.	organization.

Question 47

Discuss the arguments for and against social responsibility on the part of organizations.

Question 48

Discuss the Hawthorne studies in terms of how they were conducted and what the important results were to management practices.

Question 49

Define decision making, and discuss programmed and nonprogrammed decisions.

Question 50

Describe each of Porter’s three generic business-level strategies.

Question 51

Define recruiting. Discuss internal and external recruiting.

Question 52

Why do managers study management history and theory?