JOURNAL

Running head: JOURNAL 1

CRITICAL THINKING 5

JOURNAL

Purposes of deductive and inductive arguments

Arguments are essential because they provide statements that give evidence used to make a valid conclusion. Arguments are classified into a deductive and inductive argument. The deductive argument holds the claim that the truth of its statement guarantees the truth of its conclusion (Facione and Gittens 2016). The deductive argument holds that you must accept the conclusion when you accept the premises, which is the evidence. An inductive argument ascertains that the truth of evidence provides some ground for the conclusion. An inference is valid if it is based upon sound evidence, and the conclusion follows logically from the premise. The warranted inference aims at to justifying the belief that their conclusions are probably but not necessarily, true if the statements are taken true.

Lexical definitions are used in philosophy to specify an expression's meaning by stating the other expression's meaning, whose meaning is assumed to be known. Connotations refer to the secondary meaning of a word (Dogramaci, 2017). For an argument to be valid, it implies that when the premises are true, then the conclusion is true. Connotations and lexical definition of terms such as valid and warranted help in understanding the various purposes of inductive and deductive arguments. The purpose of inductive arguments is to provide premises or statements that make the conclusion more probable than it would otherwise be; inductive arguments aim at supporting the conclusion (Brüggeman et al. 2016). The purpose of the deductive argument is to provide statements that guarantee its conclusion. For deductive argument, it implies that it means that evidence or premises are valid for a conclusion to be valid.

Fallacy

Fallacy refers to the use of invalid or faulty reasoning or wrong moves to construct an argument. The fallacy chosen in this section is denying the antecedent which its valid argument is denying the consequent. The fallacy is revealed in the valid argument in the following way, denying consequent implies that not accepting the results occurring from something. The fallacy is revealed since denying something that came before does not necessarily mean that you deny the effects or resulting from that thing.

The public option healthcare debate

Completing the assignment concerning the research and analysis of the 2009 debate over the public healthcare option would be time well spent. The health care system is a concern for every citizen; getting informed about the current issues is not a waste of time. Through the research, different reforms concerning the public healthcare system will be understood in deeper detail. The analysis will also help in understanding the rationale behind the public healthcare options. The research will also help understand the government's role in a system that depends on both public programs such as Medicare, which serves the poor and the elderly, and private insurers, which covers the workers and their families. Issues such as understanding how the public option healthcare program will generate saving are worthwhile. Another issue that is worthwhile understanding is how the public healthcare option will be administered and public option pricing for the program.

Civic Responsibility

Citizens have an obligation to be informed on the topic of current interests. Informing citizens topics of current interests makes them be informed and keeps them connected to the rest of the world. Informed citizens are more educated in daily matters such as politics, education, and economy. Informed citizens will easily identify propaganda from facts on matters concerning governance.

References

Brüggemann, R., Jentsch, C., & Trenkler, C. (2016). Inference in VARs with conditional heteroskedasticity of unknown form. Journal of econometrics, 191(1), 69-85.

Dogramaci, S. (2017). Why is a valid inference a good inference?. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 94(1), 61-96.

Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Pearson.