Week Four Learning Team assignment: City of Miami, Florida Demographics and Crime Profile.
mloi01
week4FinalDraft-Gender-BasedTheoryPresentation-March25.pptxGender-Based Theory Presentation
AJS/514
March 26, 2018
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Introduction
Critical Feminist
Power-controls
Relationship
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University of Phoenix Learning Team F presents Gender-Based Theory Presentation. Within this presentation are topics that target specific elements of the gender-based theory. This presentation will discuss critical feminist, power-controls and the relationship between criminal behavior and gender. Also, examples of particular changes regarding concerns of women within criminal justice are disclosed in this presentation.
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Critical Feminist
Male or Female
Various Studies
Inequivalence
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A critical feminist does not necessarily have to be a female but it usually is. But a critical feminist is a person that study various aspect professionally, socially, as well as other duties of males and females. Critical feminist examines the inequivalence of men and women.
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Critical Feminism
Definition
Females are Considered Commodities
Unique Role in Policing & Corrections
Gender Gap in Crime
Liberation Hypothesis
Media’s role
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The definition of critical feminism, “views gender inequality as stemming from the unequal power of men and women in a capitalist society, which leads to the exploitation of women by fathers and husbands.” (Siegel, 1946)
Women are considered possessions as if they were a material object such as land or money.
Women play a special role as law enforcement because the field has a past of employing a majority of male officers. Women have come to realize it is a position in which they will be paid as equals instead of being paid less to do the same job, unlike other professions where men are usually paid more than women to hold the same position.
There has been an argument to whether the gender gap has narrowed over the years and the majority of research shows that there has been a slight increase to property crimes as well as violent offenses.
The liberation hypothesis, “asserts that as women gain social power and freedoms, they are subject to fewer informal controls and should have more opportunities to commit crime and violence.” (Lauritsen, 2009)
Media’s Role- The media tends to play up an increase in women committing crime, instead the statistics actually show otherwise. “Researchers are more or less in agreement that girls and women have not gone wild and are not more violent than ever before.” (Lauritsen, 2009)
REFERENCES
Lauritsen, J. L. (2009, May). Trends in the Gender Gap in Violent Offending: New Evidence from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Criminology. 47 (2). 362-364
Siegel, L. J. (1946). Criminology: Theories, Patterns, and Typologies (13th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Police Women Image Retrieved from: https://www.facebook.com/Julie-Bower-Police-Women-Of-Broward-County-103500469738781
Correction Officer Image Retrieved from: https://woman.thenest.com/qualities-corrections-officer-14406.html
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Power-Control Theory
Definition
Power
Control
Paternalistic Families
Role Exit Behaviors
Egalitarian Families
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Power-Control Theory- “Hagan’s view is that crime and delinquency rates are a function of two factors: class position (power) and family functions (control). The link between these two variables is that, within the family, parents reproduce the power relationships they hold in the workplace; a position of dominance at work is equated with control in the household. Parents work experiences and class position influence the criminality of children.” (Siegel, 1946)
Paternalistic Families are the old traditional sense of what a family should be, meaning that the Father works and is the “bread winner” while the Mother either has a far less paying job or is a home maker.
-More control of daughters and More freedoms for sons
-Boys are more likely to become delinquents than girls due to girls being prepare for a domestic life such as their mothers.
-Unsatisfied girls may experience “Role Exit Behaviors” which are risky behaviors such as running away or committing suicide in order to escape the male dominated lifestyle.
Egalitarian Families are where the parents share equal power at work and at home.
-daughters have more freedoms due to less supervision within the home
-equal opportunities as sons to engage in adult like behaviors
-daughters are less likely to exhibit “Role Exit Behaviors”.
-Both Daughters and Sons are more likely to engage in criminal activity due to less supervision in the home.
REFERENCES
Siegel, L. J. (1946). Criminology: Theories, Patterns, and Typologies (13th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Stick Family Image Retrieved from: https://rebeccakrusee.com/category/parenting-blog/
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Gender and Criminal Behavior
Gender is the Single Best Predictor of Criminal Behavior
Men Commit More Crime
Women Commit Less
Most Efforts to Understand Crime
Have Focused on Male Crime
Men Have Greater Involvement in Criminal Behavior
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Gender is the single best predictor of criminal behavior: men commit more crime, and women commit less. This distinction holds throughout history, for all societies, for all groups, and for nearly every crime category. The universality of this fact is really quite remarkable, even though many tend to take it for granted.
Most efforts to understand crime have focused on male crime, since men have greater involvement in criminal behavior. Yet it is equally important to understand female crime. For example, learning why women commit less crime than men can help illuminate the underlying causes of crime and how it might better be controlled.
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Gender and Criminal Behavior
Comparisons of Criminal Behavior Between Different Groups
Men and Women
Use Data from a Variety of Sources
Any Comparison of Male and Female Criminality Must Acknowledge:
Similarities and Differences
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This discussion of gender and crime first reviews both current and historical information on the rates and patterns of female crime in relation to male crime. The discussion is followed by a consideration of theoretical explanations of female crime and gender differences in crime. Finally, the authors briefly outline a "gendered" approach to understanding female crime that takes into account the influence of gender differences in norms, in socialization, in social control, and in criminal opportunities, as well as psychological and physiological differences between men and women.
Comparisons of criminal behavior between different groups—such as men and women—use data from a variety of sources. One of the most widely used sources is arrest data from the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), collected from the nation's law enforcement agencies and tabulated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.). Other sources include surveys of victimization experiences, such as the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics' National Crime Vicitimization Survey (NCVS); surveys of self-reported offending behavior, such as the National Youth Survey (Elliot and Ageton); and case studies based on autobiographical accounts or interviews with and observation of individual offenders and gangs. The discussion starts with a consideration of what can be learned from arrest data, and then briefly touches on the insights to be gained from other sources. Any comparison of male and female criminality must acknowledge important similarities as well as differences.
Read more: Gender and Crime - Similarities In Male And Female Offending Rates And Patterns, Differences Between Male And Female Offending Patterns - JRank Articles http://law.jrank.org/pages/1256/Gender-Crime.html#ixzz5ARdZ4EyA
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Changes Criminal Justice System Made Addressing Needs & Concerns of Women
Separate Prison Facility
Protection
Reunification Programs
Parenting Programs
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For the safety and well-being of incarcerated women, separate facilities have been established to prohibit rapes and other sexual abuse by guards and other male offenders. According to "American Civil Liberties Union" (2018), “Every day, in courtrooms, legislatures, and the public square, the ACLU fights to ensure that the criminal justice system treats women and girls fairly, protects the health and safety of women and girls in its custody, and facilitates their successful reentry into their communities” (para. 2). Reunification, parenting programs, and play day programs are designed for women to stay connected and have regular contact with their children during incarceration. Collectively these are a few changes that are made to address the needs and concerns of women incarcerated.
American civil liberties union. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/issues/prisoners-rights/women-prison
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Conclusion
Critical Feminist
Power-controls
Relationship
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A critical feminist does not necessarily have to be a female but it usually is. But a critical feminist is a person that study various aspect professionally, socially, as well as other duties of males and females. Critical feminist examines the inequivalence of men and women. Women play a special role as law enforcement because the field has a past of employing a majority of male officers. Women have come to realize it is a position in which they will be paid as equals instead of being paid less to do the same job, unlike other professions where men are usually paid more than women to hold the same position.
Power-Control Theory- “Hagan’s view is that crime and delinquency rates are a function of two factors: class position (power) and family functions (control). Paternalistic Families are the old traditional sense of what a family should be, meaning that the Father works and is the “bread winner” while the Mother either has a far less paying job or is a home maker. Gender is the single best predictor of criminal behavior: men commit more crime, and women commit less. This distinction holds throughout history, for all societies, for all groups, and for nearly every crime category. The universality of this fact is really quite remarkable, even though many tend to take it for granted. Most efforts to understand crime have focused on male crime, since men have greater involvement in criminal behavior.
This discussion of gender and crime first reviews both current and historical information on the rates and patterns of female crime in relation to male crime. The discussion is followed by a consideration of theoretical explanations of female crime and gender differences in crime. Finally, the authors briefly outline a "gendered" approach to understanding female crime that takes into account the influence of gender differences in norms, in socialization, in social control, and in criminal opportunities, as well as psychological and physiological differences between men and women.
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Conclusion (continued)
Philosophical Feminism
Female Inmates
Male Inmates
Criminal Behavior
Violence
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Philosophical feminism arose during the women’s movement of the 60’s, and 70. During that time, women had a question why women could not be in their profession. Women were considered Irrational, emotional and unintelligent and morally immature. But today women are holding jobs that men have, such as factories, forklift drives, even truck drives because women did not give up.
As far as women in the criminal justice system, there have been many changes in the justice system for treatment of women. At one time women and men were housed in separate units that put women at risk such as being raped by the male inmates and raped by the correctional officers. Women in those conditions hardly received any services (Freedman 1981). The male inmates would bring the women’s food trays to them that resulted in women getting pregnant, and some did not survive.
In 1835 the first female housing unit was open, and they started getting better care. Today things are better but still need much improvement. The relationship between gender and criminal behavior is men and women has one thing in common, and that is low-self-esteem, although females are today are more violent than males, and could do more damage than men. There have been more women in prison than men, and it is yet to be studied why.
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Q and A
Questions
Answers
Open Mic
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This concludes our presentation. Thank you kindly for attending. The Question and Answer Session is now open to the audience. Please be sure to pick up one of the handout at each exit door.
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REFERENCE
ALLAN, E. (218). Gender and Crime - Similarities In Male And Female Offending Rates And Patterns, Differences Between Male And Female Offending Patterns Read more: Gender and Crime - Similarities In Male And Female Offending Rates And Patterns, Differences Between Male And Female Offending Patterns . Retrieved from http://law.jrank.org/pages/1256/Gender-Crime.html#ixzz5ARdZ4EyA
Lauritsen, J. L. (2009, May). Trends in the Gender Gap in Violent Offending: New Evidence from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Criminology. 47 (2). 362-364
Siegel, L. J. (1946). Criminology: Theories, Patterns, and Typologies (13th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
American civil liberties union. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/issues/prisoners-rights/women-prison
Police Women Image Retrieved from: https://www.facebook.com/Julie-Bower-Police-Women-Of-Broward-County-103500469738781
Correction Officer Image Retrieved from: https://woman.thenest.com/qualities-corrections-officer-14406.html
Image Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=Gender-Based+Theory&rlz=1C1OKWM_enUS788US788&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwieo8C5qoDaAhVL6IMKHXESDp0Q_AUICygC&biw=1280&bih=662#imgrc=FesdDZBVHUiE-M:
Image Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=critical+feminist&rlz=1C1OKWM_enUS788US788&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjn5MK7xoHaAhUL7IMKHb3iAzoQ_AUIDCgD&biw=1280&bih=662#imgrc=c76kIbjiewgVdM:
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ALLAN, E. (218). Gender and Crime - Similarities In Male And Female Offending Rates And Patterns, Differences Between Male And Female Offending Patterns Read more: Gender and Crime - Similarities In Male And Female Offending Rates And Patterns, Differences Between Male And Female Offending Patterns . Retrieved from http://law.jrank.org/pages/1256/Gender-Crime.html#ixzz5ARdZ4EyA
Lauritsen, J. L. (2009, May). Trends in the Gender Gap in Violent Offending: New Evidence from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Criminology. 47 (2). 362-364
Siegel, L. J. (1946). Criminology: Theories, Patterns, and Typologies (13th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
American civil liberties union. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/issues/prisoners-rights/women-prison
Police Women Image Retrieved from: https://www.facebook.com/Julie-Bower-Police-Women-Of-Broward-County-103500469738781
Correction Officer Image Retrieved from: https://woman.thenest.com/qualities-corrections-officer-14406.html
Image Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=Gender-Based+Theory&rlz=1C1OKWM_enUS788US788&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwieo8C5qoDaAhVL6IMKHXESDp0Q_AUICygC&biw=1280&bih=662#imgrc=FesdDZBVHUiE-M:
Image Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?q=critical+feminist&rlz=1C1OKWM_enUS788US788&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjn5MK7xoHaAhUL7IMKHb3iAzoQ_AUIDCgD&biw=1280&bih=662#imgrc=c76kIbjiewgVdM:
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