Answer questions in paragraphs
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Week41.pdf
POLITICAL SCIENCE 423: HISTORY & CONCEPTS OF AMERICAN NATIONAL SECURITY
Professor Hartman Week 4
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Key Question
• What is the most fungible resource of power?
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Political Science 471C - National Security
National Security Policy Making
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Determine National& Vital
Interests
Determine Actions &
Priorities To Neutralize Threats
Determine Threats to
Those Interests
Political Science 471C - National Security
Policy Arenas High Policy
• Should we develop a national missile defense system and how much should we spend?
Middle Policy • What would be the most effective NMD configuration and
how should the program be managed?
Low Policy • Which competing interceptor design is best?
POLS 423 - Security Studies
POLS 423 - Security Studies
The Psychology of Power
Coercion: • (Negative) Punishment & Sanctions • (Positive) Inducements & Bribes
Persuasion: • Soft power
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Hard & Soft Power
2 Faces of Power 1. Hard Power = Command Power “changing what others do”
2. Soft Power = Attractive Power “changing what others want”
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Characteristics of Hard Power
1. Tangible & Material 2. Coercive in Nature 3. Concerned with Military & Economic Strength
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Characteristics of Soft Power
1. Intangible & Abstract 2. Persuasive, though Attractive in Nature 3. Concerned with Image & Legitimacy
Political Science 471C - National Security
Components of National Power
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Cultural Power
Political Power
Economic Power
Military Power
National Power
Political Science 471C - National Security
Bases of Military Power • Geography • Natural resources • Population • Economy (fiscal resources) • Industrial capacity • Technology • Willingness to Use Force
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Political Science 471C - National Security
Bases of Political Power
• Moral authority & Reputation • Leadership • Capacity for Diplomacy • Engagement in Bilateral & International political institutions • Organizations • Treaties
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Political Science 471C - National Security
Bases of Economic Power
• Dominance of Markets & Trading • Foreign Investment & Fiscal Capacity • Control of International Financial Institutions • Boycotts, Embargoes, Blockades
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Political Science 471C - National Security
Bases of Cultural Power
• Extended Educational programs • Home & Abroad
• Cultural Media Promotions • Hollywood Productions
• Political Freedoms • Immigration Policy
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Early American History of NS
Prior to World War II • Separate Navy & Army • Army-Navy Board • Stronger State Militias • Wartime => Unified Field Commands • General Lack of Coordination
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Early American History of NS
National Security Act of 1947 • Biggest Reorganization of US Defense
Structure • 2 Plans Proposed
• Army Plan (Collins) – • Seperation of Branches w/ General Staff
• Navy Plan (Eberstadt) – • Decentralized Civilian Control • No General Staff or Sec. of Defense • Separate Budgets
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Early American History of NS
National Security Act Amendments of 1949 • Established Joint Chief of Staff • Sub-committees on Operations • Services lose Cabinet status
POLS 423 - Security Studies
Early American History of NS
From 1953-58 • Chairmen established for JCS
• Established more Assistant Secretaries, no more committees/boards for operations
• Services are separately organized, but centrally administered
• Establishes Unified Commands
• Centralized Civilian Control • Strong Secretary of Defense • DOD decides budgetary issues
POLS 423 - Security Studies
POLS 423 - Security Studies
END OF LECTURE
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
