Assignment

Literature Review

Insert Student Name

Saint Leo University

CRM 499

Dr. Santiago

July 26, 2020

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Literature Review

For my project in CRM 499 class, I have decided to follow the (write either Chief of

Police / Special Prosecutor / or Captain of Investigations right here) role. In reviewing the

articles that I have read in regard to this role, I have learned some interesting information that

will assist me in providing support to Courtelaney Pass. Some of the articles that I have

reviewed for my project involve (state here what they involve such as criminal law or leadership

within the police dept. or DNA analysis or violence in gangs or whatever you are focusing on for

your paper!)

In Zimbardo’s (2007) research on his classic Stanford Prison Experiment, we see that

authority is usually a concept that is not questioned by the average citizen on the street. “95% of

students in Zimbardo’s experiment fell victim to the new role that the student-guards played, and

these students quickly fell into a submissive role” (p.376). How this relates to arresting suspects

or offenders is another perspective that will be explored further in this project. Milgram’s article

(1963) on obedience demonstrates how orders from authority can cause an individual to harm

others. This is evident in the high arrest rate in Courtelaney Pass, as indicated by the percentage

of young males being incarcerated.

Murzynski & Degelman (1996), studied body language in 250 psychology students

enrolled in a criminal law class, which was required for their major. Their research found that;

“psychology students, on the average, scored better than the general public in both deciphering

body language accurately and in communicating efficiently using body posturing movements”

(p. 168). This could prove interesting when training officers, as using a psychology instructor to

train officers on “communication skills” might be more helpful than using someone in the

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department. I enjoyed this article and could apply it when making recommendations about how

the department can improve on their training procedures.

Another study that was mentioned focused on how “partnering with someone who has the

opposite personality style, an Extrovert with an Introvert, for example, can reduce the incidents

of conflict when pairing officers together” (Milgram, 1963, p.377).

(Continue on with discussing your articles from last week’s assignment).

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References

Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,

67, 371-378.

Murzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women: A study of both judgments

and vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 155-170.

Zimbardo, P. (2007). The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms.

Psychological Science. 18(5), 429-434.

(Continue to list any of the 10 Scholarly articles that you use from your Annotated Bibliography!) (You might have only 2 or 3 journal articles and that is perfectly okay –this is a short paper!

Please study carefully the following entry:

Teplin, L. (1990). Detecting disorder: The treatment of mental illness among jail detainees in Milwaukee.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(2), 233-236.

The author’s last name and first initial is all that is needed. No middle name, no credentials like ‘Ph.D.’ A period belongs after the initial.

The year of the journal article belongs in parenthesis immediately after the name. If

there is a month or Volume/Issue number, it should be included after the title of the

journal, not here where the date is.

The name of the journal article begins with an upper-case word (Detecting, in this

example) and the rest of the words are lower-case. The first word after the colon is also

upper-case (The, in this example). Also, any proper nouns like a city or state are upper-

case, like the city and state in this example. Use bold font.

The name of the journal is written in italics. The title of the journal should be

uppercase for most words EXCEPT words like ‘of, the, and, in,’ etc.). Notice the

Volume or Issue number and the page numbers of the article. You may also write the

month (if your citation includes one) in this area.

Make sure to put your references in alphabetical order by LAST NAME of the author.

Do not include the DOI #’s or https retrieval links in your sources: they just take

up extra room and are not needed so don’t insert them please!

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Please note: everything I wrote above beginning with Zimbardo’s article and

concluding at the middle of page 3 is a SAMPLE so that you can see how to

correctly insert commas, APA Citations, etc. This is not meant for students to

copy! It is made-up material I wrote to illustrate what you should be including in

your paper. Thanks!

**You only need to discuss a few issues, not all 6! A 500-word paper is not very long, so you only need to discuss 2 or 3 issues.

The paper should include some of your referenced material, properly cited in APA Format. A good rule of thumb is to have approximately 2 or 3 brief areas in your paper (at least 1-2 sentences each) that are cited directly from a source. Any more than that and you are citing too much!

*The Cover page will be page 1 in your document *The Literature Review will begin on page 2 and go through page 3. *The Reference page will be on page 4 *The Reference page will be a list of your articles that you are using from the Annotated Bibliography that you use for this paper – which might only be 2 or 3 sources - but this time they need to be in “typical” APA Format (see example on last page!) *Please do not use “new” sources that were not on the Week 3 Bibliography unless you have my written permission so please email me if you have any questions about this! The entire paper should be 500 words. “Paper” means the entire document from the beginning of the Cover sheet through to the end of the reference page! 500 words minimum, 515 is the max! <500 words or >515 words and points will be deducted.

**Please make sure to Double-space everywhere in the paper. NEVER use all caps anywhere in the paper. Please check for spelling and punctuation errors. Use normal-sized font (12-point). Use either Times New Roman or Arial for all papers. Do not “right-justify” when typing a paper. APA papers should not be typed using the “right-justify” setting in MS Word when you type.

Difference between ‘para-phrasing’ / summarizing and ‘citing’:

Here is a para-phrase or summary in my own words:

Murzynski & Degelman (1996), studied body language in 250 psychology students enrolled in a

criminal law class, which was required for their major.

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Here is a direct citation (quote) from the article:

Murzynski & Degelman (1996) found that; “psychology students, on the average, scored better

than the general public in both deciphering body language accurately and in communicating

efficiently using body posturing movements” (p. 141).

***For this Literature Review, please include a direct citation a minimum of two times in your paper, one or two sentences each. The citation in my example

above (the citation of p. 141) shows how to place the punctuation.

Please do not cite large lines of material and not more than three lines at a time! Citations should not be longer than 3 lines or they become ‘block quotes’ and have to be indented and written in a different format. Block quotes are not allowed for papers in this class! Block quotes lead to higher Turnitin.com plagiarism rates. You can paraphrase whenever you want but you must cite at least two times in your paper. Two-three times is plenty! More than three times is too much for this short paper! Information about multiple authors in a source and citing:

When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are cited every time. When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the first time the source is cited. When that source is cited again, the first authors’ surname and “et al.” are used: The 1st time you cite Beale, Simpson, and Ford, it would be written as: (Beale, Simpson & Ford, 2014). The 2nd time and thereafter, you would write: (Beale et al., 2014).

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Please type directly into your paper when completing this assignment! Do not use a Template when typing a Reference page or when adding citation sources to a paper. I cannot make corrections when a student does this and most of the time, Templates are not in correct APA Format!

Templates that most students use are found in the Tool Bar of MS Word (see below):

Please do not use these!! Thank you!

When finished, please upload into the Week 4 Assignment link in the course shell.