equality and diversity in work place 1000worda
angella123
Week4.pptxaims of THIS topic
Equip you with more sophisticated ideas for the module, particularly your assignments but also future careers
Intersectionality
An introduction to visual analysis
Prepare you for assignment one
https://womxninctrl.com/seatatthetable/
Visual analysis & intersectionality
Managing equality and diversity at work week 4
Samantha warren 2021
Lecture segment 2: Intersectionality (b)
Hall et al. (2019) Intersectionality & stereotypes Academy of Management Review
“Despite the proliferation of demographic categories in organizational environments, neither researchers nor practitioners fully understand how these additional classifications—implicitly or explicitly—influence the perceptions, expectations, and outcomes of employees” (p. 644)
Combines intersectionality, social cognition theory & psychology to explain patterns of disadvantage
Black women in the USA face less backlash for being assertive at work, but are less likely to be promoted
Very useful table at the end listing/ comparing various models of intersectionality theory (with references)
Visual analysis & intersectionality
Managing equality and diversity at work week 4
Samantha warren 2021
Lecture segment 2: Visual Analysis (a)
Organizations are prolific producers of images in society
Strategic images:
images that ‘do work’ for the organization - can analyse these for intentions/ effects
Documentary images:
eg: historical records, company films
Images of organizations
eg: representations in popular culture (film/ TV/ magazines) – what do these say about cultural understandings of work and organization?
1. Picturing discourses
Reading images for how realities are produced
2. Discursive pictures
How do images perform certain discourses?
3. Images in action
Circulation, subversion, pollution
adapted from Preston et al. (1996)
Adapted from Preston et al.’s (1998) categorization of 3 levels of representation in images
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Picturing discourses
Analysing representational features
Benschop & Meizunen (2002)
Men more likely to be pictured than women in annual reports (during the 1990s)
Content analysis as a method. Counting features of the image and making inferences in a quantitative manner
We can look at images strategically produced by organizations themselves – in a similar vein, where the content of the image is deemed to tell us something about the reality that produces it – and two(of many) organizational examples I’m giving here consider the representation of gender and age
Benschop:
“The results suggest that stereo- typical images are dominant and the representational practices reinforce the traditional gendered division of labour. We conclude that the masculine connotation of financial reports thwarts a more diverse representation of gender in organisations”.
Pritchard and Whiting (2015)
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Visual analysis & intersectionality
Managing equality and diversity at work week 4
Samantha warren 2021
Lecture segment 2: Visual Analysis (b)
Discursive pictures
How do images perform/ construct reality
Pritchard and Whiting (2015)
Stock photos = ‘visual shorthand’, staged, but to reflect an ‘essence’ that we rarely question (link to implicit bias)
Semiotics as method:
Sign-signifier-signifier (linguistics/ media studies)
Pritchard (2020)
Analysing web images: very useful methods paper
Ethics and ideology:
Calling the viewer into an ethical/ ‘ideal type’ relationship with the subject
Campbell et al. (2009)
Gaze and faces in annual reports
Positions the ‘Other’ in relation to us…
David Campbell and his colleagues developed the idea of gaze and its role in photographs of faces used in annual reports – the image positions the spectator depending on how the face in the image is directing its gaze. We become voyeur, in direct correspondence, taller than, shorter than, glanced at, ignored… which matters in how we are led to perceive and regard the Other. This matters when we consider that annual reports are usually statutory documents that should offer a “true and fair view” – how are the images working with the text and financials to shade our interpretations?
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Visual analysis & intersectionality
Managing equality and diversity at work week 4
Samantha warren 2021
Lecture segment 2: Visual Analysis (c)
Images in action
Circulation and subversion
“…individuals articulate their identity as social beings not only by taking and storing photographs to document their lives, but by participating in communal photographic exchanges that mark their identity as interactive producers and consumers of culture.”
(van Dijck 2008: 62)
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Adbusters
Higher marks will go to students with more sophisticated theory under-pinning their ideas
Intersectionality – recognition that multiple systems of disadvantage often occur together (they intersect)
Visual analysis (not just observation)
Semiotic meaning
Compositional ideology
Image & text/ juxtaposition
Fewer points, better made: make your words count
Reference list for lecture on Moodle,
