Answer questions in paragraphs

POLITICAL SCIENCE 423: STRATEGIES OF NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY

Professor Hartman Week 3

POLS 423 - Security Studies

Key Questions

• What are America’s “national interests”? •  What are America’s vital interests?

• Who determines American national interests? Vital interests?

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Constructivism • Culture Matters • Identities Matter • Ideas Matter • Institutions Matter

• Most importantly, new technology, travel, and global interaction is creating and setting new global norms and standards of behavior.

POLS 423 - Security Studies

National Security Policy

•  Pattern of government decisions & actions intended to counter the perceived threats to American national interests.

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Group Activity

In groups of 4, draft a list of America’s vital national interest(s). Then place them in an hierarchy of importance.

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

National Interests Things and conditions deemed important for nation well-being, prosperity, continuity

• Economic Interests •  Access to markets

• Political Interests •  Countries with shared interests and values

• Political Values •  Democracy •  Human rights

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Vital Interests

• Things deemed essential for national well-being, prosperity, continuity

•  Things which our national survival depends. •  Things which make our national interests

possible. •  What are you willing to sacrifice lives for?

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

America’s Vital Interests •  American territorial integrity

•  Stable and friendly Canada & Mexico •  Preservation of American political & economic

institutions. •  Safety of Americans at home & abroad. •  With these are target goals (i.e. hacking/

information)

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Specific Threats – Setting Priorities •  Iranian atomic bomb vs. Pakistani atomic bomb

•  Nuclear missiles vs. Terrorism

•  Expanding hostile position of Russia in Europe vs. expanding hostile position of regional terrorist organization like ISIL?

•  How do we decide?

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Grand Strategy

Definition: The guiding principle that defines the national interest, dictates the course of actions in foreign policy, and declares the objectives and goals of the state in global affairs.

Also known as “Presidential Doctrines”

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

4 Grand Strategies

1.  Neo-isolationism 2.  Selective Engagement 3.  Cooperative Security 4.  Primacy

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Neo-Isolationism

•  Theory – Classical Realism •  International Participation – Abstain •  Threat/Use of Force – Low/Defensive •  Use of Diplomacy/IOs – Limited Interaction

Case Study: President Hoover & the Smoot-Hawley Act of 1930

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Selective Engagement

•  Theory – Defensive Realism •  International Participation – Limited •  Threat/Use of Force – Low/Discriminate •  Use of Diplomacy/IOs – Maximize b/t Major States Case Study:

First Term President Clinton & The Rwandan Conflict

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Cooperative Security

•  Theory – Liberalism/Constructivism •  International Participation – Highly Involved •  Threat/Use of Force – Frequent/Multilateral •  Use of Diplomacy/IOs – High Interaction Case Study:

Second Term President Clinton & The Kosovo Conflict

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Primacy

•  Theory – Neo-Conservatism •  International Participation – Not Desirable •  Threat/Use of Force – Frequent/Unilateral •  Use of Diplomacy/IOs – Limited Case Study:

President Bush & The Global War on Terror

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Determinants of GS

Kagan – Strategic Culture 1.  Hard v. Soft Instruments 2.  Influence in IOs 3.  Demographics 4.  Geopolitics

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Venus & Mars US National Security Strategy (Sept. 2002) 1.  Focus on Primacy 2.  Threat of Force 3.  Military => Democracy 4.  IOs = Low Impact &

Inefficiency 5.  First-strike Advantage &

Advanced Domestic Intelligence Structure

European Union Security Strategy (Dec. 2003) 1.  Focus on Multilateralism 2.  Diplomacy 3.  Trade/Sanctions => Democracy 4.  IOs = High Influence & Effective 5.  Border Defense & Shared

Intelligence

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

Domestic Support & GS

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

High Low

Low Cooperative Security Neo-Isolation

High Primacy Selective Engagement

International Threat

Domestic Support

Political Science 423 - Security Studies

END OF LECTURE

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

END OF LECTURE

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

POLS 423 - Security Studies