Strategic Global Outsourcing and Offshoring
Sourcing in different geographical locations
BNM748 Strategic Global Outsourcing and Offshoring
Dr. Aleksandre Asatiani
Learning objectives
To be able to…
Discuss the comparative advantages of different countries (and the dynamics of the country competition)
Evaluate the advantages of near-shoring as a sourcing option
Assess suitability of potential sourcing locations (countries, cities) for specific services/processes
Sourcing locations
BRIC
4
Emerging Asia
5
Europe
6
Africa
7
How to select the right location?
Making outsourcing decision
Assess suitability of business processes, resources, activities for sourcing
Suitable for outsourcing
Keep in house
Decide on captive strategy:
hybrid, shared, (divested)
Decide on outsourcing model
Suitable for offsite
Keep onsite
Decide on location:
domestic, nearshore, offshore
Decide on partner(s)
Comparing locations
Decide what information you need before looking for it (to reduce bias)
Use analyst reports and reports by major consultancy firms that specialize in sourcing (for some you may need to pay)
Search for relevant information on official government web-sites and public bodies
Make sure that information/reports are up to date
Updated, relevant and objective comparison
A.T. Kearney Global Services Location Index, 2017
Gartner's top 30 locations for offshore services, 2015
Americas: Argentina; Brazil; Canada; Chile; Costa Rica; Mexico, and Uruguay
Colombia and Peru (were on 2012 list but did not make it in 2015 list)
Asia/Pacific: Australia; China; India; Malaysia; New Zealand; Pakistan; the Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka, and Vietnam
Indonesia, Bangladesh and Thailand (were on 2012 list but did not make it in 2015 list)
Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA): Czech Republic; Hungary; Ireland; Northern Ireland; Israel; Poland; Romania; Russia; Slovakia; Spain; Turkey, Ukraine, South Africa
Belarus, Mauritius and Morocco (were on 2012 list but did not make it in 2015 list)
Gartner’s Leading Offshore Services Locations in Asia/Pacific (APAC), 2015
Leading Developed-Market Locations
Australia
Hong Kong
New Zealand
Singapore
Taiwan
Tier 1 Emerging-Market Locations
China
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Vietnam
Tier 2 Emerging-Market Locations
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Gartner country assessment criteria
Language
Government support
Labour pool
Infrastructure
Educational system
Cost
Political and economic environment
Cultural compatibility
Global and legal maturity
Data and intellectual property security and privacy
Tholons Services Country Index 2018
Source: http://www.tholons.com/digital-innovation
Tholons Services Country Index 2018
Snapshot of Major Destinations for Global In-house Centers
Frost & Sullivan, November 2016
Global In-house Centers
Location selection criteria
1. Cost
labour costs
infrastructure costs
corporate taxes
2. Availability of skills
skill pool
vendor landscape
3. Risk profile
security
disruptive events
regulatory risks
macroeconomic risks
intellectual property risk
4. Environment
governance support
business environment
living environment
accessibility
5. Market potential
attractiveness of local market
access to nearby markets
impact on the existing market/ brand perception*
6. Quality of infrastructure
telecom and IT
real estate
transportation
power
Based on: Farrell, D. (2006). Smarter offshoring. Harvard business review, 84(6), 84-92.
Impact on the existing market / brand perception – whether setting up
21
Factors for assessing country attractiveness for sourcing (chapter 3)
| Factor | Categories | Weight |
| Costs | 15% | |
| Average wage per skilled employee and manager | ||
| Average rental office space per square metre (€/sq.m/yr) | ||
| Cost of telecom, internet access (US$ per month) | ||
| Cost of power (Kw/H) | ||
| Availability of skills | 30% | |
| Size of the labour market | ||
| Quality of relevant delivery skills indicator | ||
| Quality of relevant sourcing management skills | ||
| Environment | 15% | |
| Corruption index | ||
| Quality of life index | ||
| Serious crime index | ||
| Accessibility to the country indicator | ||
| Corporate Tax | ||
| Quality of infrastructure | 10% | |
| Network downtime | ||
| Availability of housing indicator | ||
| Quality of roads and rails indicator | ||
| Risk Profile (10%) | 10% | |
| Personal security index | ||
| Natural disasters index | ||
| Political unrest index | ||
| Cost inflation index | ||
| Intellectual property indicator | ||
| Market potential | 20% | |
| Attractiveness of local market index | ||
| Leverage to promising markets indicator | ||
| Total | 100% |
Customized framework (chapter 4)
Nearshoring
The transfer of business or IT processes, services or functions to companies in a nearby country, often sharing a border with your own country where both parties expect to benefit from one or more of the following dimensions of proximity:
geographic, temporal (time zone), cultural, linguistic
economic, political, or historical linkages.
Nearshoring clusters (Source: Carmel and Abbott, 2007)
Selecting location: city or country?
Top outsourcing cities (Source: Global Services-Tholons Study, 2017)
Show cities by function
26
https:// www.atkearney.com /documents/10192/12610750/Global+Cities+2017+-+ Leaders+in+a+World+of+Disruptive+Innovation.pdf /c00b71dd-18ab-4d6b-8ae6-526e380d6cc4
A.T. Kearney global cities outlook
Next week…
Be prepared to present your answers to country attractiveness exercise (questions can be found on Blackboard under Teaching Resources tab)
Readings:
Hallikainen, P., Bekkhus, R., & Pan, S. L. (2018). How OpusCapita Used Internal RPA Capabilities to Offer Services to Clients. MIS Quarterly Executive, 17(1).
Lacity, M. C., & Willcocks, L. P. (2016). Robotic Process Automation at Telefónica O2. MIS Quarterly Executive, 15(1).
Wilson, H. J., & Daugherty, P. R. (2018). Collaborative Intelligence: Humans and AI Are Joining Forces. Harvard Business Review.
AC C ELER AT E PH: FUT UR E-R EAD Y 2022
18 The Philippine Global In-house Center Subsector Roadmap 2022
1.1.5 CO MPE TI TIVE ANAL YSIS
Exhibit 7 provides a summary of the background and key competencies of the GIC subsector in the leading destinations globally. India and the Philippines are the market leaders, with China, Malaysia, and Poland also beginning to make headway in this domain.8
Exhibit 7: Snapshot of Major GIC Destinations
Country Description Country Description
India
India is a leading destination for GICs.
Tier II destinations, such as Hyderabad and Pune, and Tier III destinations, such as Indore and Trivandrum, are becoming hotspots for GICs.
Philippines
The Global In-house Center Council (GICC) aims to promote the Philippines as the preferred location for GICs.
GICs have been growing rapidly, driven by a large talent pool and stronger engagement within the business.
China
The government encourages global companies and privately- owned ventures to set up GICs.
State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) facilitates the setting up of finance GICs.
Thailand
There is a growing use of shared services for cost reduction and management efficiency.
The government provides tax and non-tax benefits to set up GICs in Thailand.
Malaysia
Malaysia is a lower-cost location compared to Western countries or neighboring countries such as Singapore.
It receives strong support from the government and several organizations.
Mexico
Mexico has a large pool of resources equipped with IT knowledge.
It is also an ideal location for US companies due to its close proximity and lower operating costs.
Brazil
Brazil possesses modern infrastructure and IT specialists, which can enable technology innovation.
However, Brazil’s labor cost, import tax, and service tax are high.
Chile
Chile is equipped with excellent infrastructure and has a skilled workforce, especially for the IT sector.
However, Chile’s population is relatively small.
Indonesia
The government is actively improving infrastructure and the ICT landscape.
The government is encouraging foreign investment as well as cooperation between local and international companies.
Poland
Poland is often chosen due to its convenient location, stable economic condition, low labor costs, and availability of well-educated resources.
Vietnam
Vietnam is still in its infancy, with mostly smaller setups. It has predominantly single-function delivery centers focusing on areas in BPM such as HR or
finance and accounting.
Source: SSON; KPMG; Frost & Sullivan
8 http://www.ssonetwork.com/sourcing-models-strategy/articles/global-locations-trends-2014-report/; http://www.everestgrp.com/2013-12-malaysia-the-emerging-asian-tiger-for-global-shared-services-sherpas-in-blue-shirts- 12510.html; http://forbesindonesia.com/berita-773-enterprise-services-the-next-big-wave.html; http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/Next-move-Thailand-as-HQ-and-trading-hub-of-Asean-30249545.html; https://www.kpmg.com/BR/en/Estudos_Analises/artigosepublicacoes/Documents/Advisory/global-outsourcing-business.pdf; https://www.kpmg.com/PL/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Poland-as-The-Destination-for-Shared- Services-Centers.pdf; https://www.kpmg.com/PL/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Poland-as-The- Destination-for-Shared-Services-Centers.pdf; https://www.kpmg.com/BR/en/Estudos_Analises/artigosepublicacoes/Documents/Advisory/global-outsourcing-business.pdf; http://www.ssonetwork.com/vertical-industry-insight/columns/asean-for-shared-services-costs-taxes-and-talent
ACCELERATE PH: FUTURE-READY 2022 18
The Philippine Global In-house Center Subsector Roadmap 2022
1.1.5 COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS Exhibit 7 provides a summary of the background and key competencies of the GIC subsector in the leading destinations globally. India and the Philippines are the market leaders, with China, Malaysia, and Poland also beginning to make headway in this domain.8 Exhibit 7: Snapshot of Major GIC Destinations Country Description Country Description
India
India is a leading destination for
GICs.
Tier II destinations, such as
Hyderabad and Pune, and Tier III
destinations, such as Indore and
Trivandrum, are becoming
hotspots for GICs.
Philippines
The Global In-house Center Council
(GICC) aims to promote the
Philippines as the preferred location
for GICs.
GICs have been growing rapidly,
driven by a large talent pool and
stronger engagement within the
business.
China
The government encourages
global companies and privately-
owned ventures to set up GICs.
State-owned Assets Supervision
and Administration Commission
(SASAC) facilitates the setting up
of finance GICs.
Thailand
There is a growing use of shared
services for cost reduction and
management efficiency.
The government provides tax and
non-tax benefits to set up GICs in
Thailand.
Malaysia
Malaysia is a lower-cost location
compared to Western countries or
neighboring countries such as
Singapore.
It receives strong support from the
government and several
organizations.
Mexico
Mexico has a large pool of
resources equipped with IT
knowledge.
It is also an ideal location for US
companies due to its close proximity
and lower operating costs.
Brazil
Brazil possesses modern
infrastructure and IT specialists,
which can enable technology
innovation.
However, Brazil’s labor cost,
import tax, and service tax are
high.
Chile
Chile is equipped with excellent
infrastructure and has a skilled
workforce, especially for the IT
sector.
However, Chile’s population is
relatively small.
Indonesia
The government is actively
improving infrastructure and the
ICT landscape.
The government is encouraging
foreign investment as well as
cooperation between local and
international companies.
Poland
Poland is often chosen due to its
convenient location, stable
economic condition, low labor costs,
and availability of well-educated
resources.
Vietnam
Vietnam is still in its infancy, with mostly smaller setups.
It has predominantly single-function delivery centers focusing on areas in BPM such as HR or
finance and accounting.
Source: SSON; KPMG; Frost & Sullivan
8
http://www.ssonetwork.com/sourcing-models-strategy/articles/global-locations-trends-2014-report/;
http://www.everestgrp.com/2013-12-malaysia-the-emerging-asian-tiger-for-global-shared-services-sherpas-in-blue-shirts-
12510.html; http://forbesindonesia.com/berita-773-enterprise-services-the-next-big-wave.html;
http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/Next-move-Thailand-as-HQ-and-trading-hub-of-Asean-30249545.html;
https://www.kpmg.com/BR/en/Estudos_Analises/artigosepublicacoes/Documents/Advisory/global-outsourcing-business.pdf;
https://www.kpmg.com/PL/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Poland-as-The-Destination-for-Shared-
Services-Centers.pdf; https://www.kpmg.com/PL/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Poland-as-The-
Destination-for-Shared-Services-Centers.pdf;
https://www.kpmg.com/BR/en/Estudos_Analises/artigosepublicacoes/Documents/Advisory/global-outsourcing-business.pdf;
http://www.ssonetwork.com/vertical-industry-insight/columns/asean-for-shared-services-costs-taxes-and-talent
AC C ELER AT E PH: FUT UR E-R EAD Y 2022
19 The Philippine Global In-house Center Subsector Roadmap 2022
Analyzing the overall supply perspective of GICs from a FTE standpoint, APAC is clearly, by far, the largest region in terms of delivery capabilities, accounting for more than 70% of the market. This is followed by Europe and Latin America.
Exhibit 8 illustrates shared service centers by delivery location.
Exhibit 8: FTEs in GICs by Delivery Location (2014)
Source: Frost & Sullivan Analysis
India and the Philippines are the top two GIC locations globally, as these countries are already mature outsourcing destinations. India and the Philippines have a proven track record of having a large talent pool required to cater to the needs of the GIC market.
1.1.6 LEARNI NG S FO R TH E P HILIPPI NES
The GIC subsector is set to continue growing as more companies look at setting up their own operations across the globe to streamline cost and drive innovation across the enterprise. Listed below are some global learnings applicable to the Philippine GIC subsector.
i. Inclusive to all industries to set up GICs
In the global GIC setup, companies originate from a diversified range of industries. A similar trend can be seen in the Philippines, where one GIC is from the petrochemical industry while another is from the BFSI or automotive industry. As the Philippines is already one of the leading hubs for GICs globally (besides GICs being an industry-neutral setup), theoretically, companies from every industry or business can set up their own delivery center in the country. To further expand the local GIC market, the Philippines can market itself as a GIC destination for all industries first, rather than promoting the types of GICs already set up here. It can also develop internal advisory capabilities by focusing on different industry working groups to help new companies without GIC experience to set up their operations in the country.
ii. Conduct more dialogues with Corporate HQs
RoW 11%
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Mexico
Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary
Bulgaria Egypt
South Africa
Singapore
Legend
Key Locations
Emerging Locations
Costa Rica (2%)
Ireland (7%)
Poland (6%)
Romania (1.5%)
India (50%)
Malaysia (4%)
Philippines (13.5%)
China (5%)
ACCELERATE PH: FUTURE-READY 2022 19
The Philippine Global In-house Center Subsector Roadmap 2022
Analyzing the overall supply perspective of GICs from a FTE standpoint, APAC is clearly, by far, the
largest region in terms of delivery capabilities, accounting for more than 70% of the market. This is
followed by Europe and Latin America.
Exhibit 8 illustrates shared service centers by delivery location.
Exhibit 8: FTEs in GICs by Delivery Location (2014)
Source: Frost & Sullivan Analysis
India and the Philippines are the top two GIC locations globally, as these countries are already mature
outsourcing destinations. India and the Philippines have a proven track record of having a large talent
pool required to cater to the needs of the GIC market.
1.1.6 LEARNINGS FOR THE PHILIPPINES
The GIC subsector is set to continue growing as more companies look at setting up their own
operations across the globe to streamline cost and drive innovation across the enterprise. Listed
below are some global learnings applicable to the Philippine GIC subsector.
i. Inclusive to all industries to set up GICs
In the global GIC setup, companies originate from a diversified range of industries. A similar trend can
be seen in the Philippines, where one GIC is from the petrochemical industry while another is from the
BFSI or automotive industry. As the Philippines is already one of the leading hubs for GICs globally
(besides GICs being an industry-neutral setup), theoretically, companies from every industry or
business can set up their own delivery center in the country. To further expand the local GIC market,
the Philippines can market itself as a GIC destination for all industries first, rather than promoting the
types of GICs already set up here. It can also develop internal advisory capabilities by focusing on
different industry working groups to help new companies without GIC experience to set up their
operations in the country.
ii. Conduct more dialogues with Corporate HQs
RoW
11%
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Mexico
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Hungary
Bulgaria
Egypt
South Africa
Singapore
Legend
Key Locations
Emerging Locations
Costa Rica
(2%)
Ireland
(7%)
Poland
(6%)
Romania
(1.5%)
India
(50%)
Malaysia
(4%)
Philippines
(13.5%)
China
(5%)