Using Microsoft Excel descriptive statistics

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1. Sex

Sex
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Female	36	50.0	50.0	50.0
	Male	36	50.0	50.0	100.0
	Total	72	100.0	100.0

The sample under study has an equal number of females and males. Out of 72 participants, 36(50%) of them are male and 36(50%) are female.

2. Age

Age
Mean	27.75
Standard Error	0.92452881
Median	25
Mode	24
Standard Deviation	7.844887094
Sample Variance	61.54225352
Kurtosis	0.217860957
Skewness	0.969218955
Range	31
Minimum	18
Maximum	49
Sum	1998
Count	72

The sample under study has a mean age of 27.75 years. The median and mode age of the participants in the sample are 25 and 24 years respectively. The maximum age of the participants is 49 years while the minimum age is 18 and the range of the age is 31. The variance and standard deviation of the participants’ age are 61.54225352 and 7.844887094 respectively.

The histogram shows that the age of the participants is skewed to the right.

3. Ethnicity

Ethnicity
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	African American	23	31.9	31.9	31.9
	Caucasian	31	43.1	43.1	75.0
	Latino	14	19.4	19.4	94.4
	Other	4	5.6	5.6	100.0
	Total	72	100.0	100.0

The majority of the participants were of the Caucasian ethnicity. Out of the 72 participants, 23(31.9%) were of the African American ethnicity, 31(43.1%) were of Caucasian ethnicity, 14(19.4%) were of Latino ethnicity, and 4(5.6%) were of other ethnicities.

4. Recall1

Recall1
Mean	7.527777778
Standard Error	0.380969555
Median	8
Mode	8
Standard Deviation	3.232633872
Sample Variance	10.44992175
Kurtosis	-0.624917527
Skewness	-0.142091348
Range	15
Minimum	0
Maximum	15
Sum	542
Count	72

The mean recall1 rate was approximately 8. The median and mode recall1 rate was also 8. The variance and standard deviation of recall1 rates were approximately 10 and 3 respectively. The maximum recall1 rate was 15 while the minimum recall1 rate was 0. The range of the recall1 rates was 15.

The histogram for recall1 shows that it was skewed to the right.

References

Amrhein, V., Trafimow, D., & Greenland, S. (2019). Inferential statistics as descriptive statistics: There is no replication crisis if we don’t expect replication. The American Statistician, 73(sup1), 262-270.

Choi, D. A., Tagore, P., Siddiq, F., Park, K., & Ewing, R. (2020). Descriptive Statistics and Visualizing Data. In Basic Quantitative Research Methods for Urban Planners (pp. 107-132). Routledge.

Kaur, P., Stoltzfus, J., & Yellapu, V. (2018). Descriptive statistics. International Journal of Academic Medicine, 4(1), 60.

Histogram

Frequency 9.375 11.25 5.625 7.5 3.75 13.125 0 1.875 More 16 14 13 12 7 7 1 1 1 Cumulative % 9.375 11.25 5.625 7.5 3.75 13.125 0 1.875 More 0.22222222222222221 0.41666666666666669 0.59722222222222221 0.76388888888888884 0.86111111111111116 0.95833333333333337 0.97222222222222221 0.98611111111111116 1

Bin

Frequency

Histogram

Frequency 25.75 21.875 29.625 33.5 37.375 45.125 18 41.25 More 22 14 10 8 8 4 2 2 2 Cumulative % 25.75 21.875 29.625 33.5 37.375 45.125 18 41.25 More 0.30555555555555558 0.5 0.63888888888888884 0.75 0.86111111111111116 0.91666666666666663 0.94444444444444442 0.97222222222222221 1

Bin

Frequency