Signature Assignment: Create Project Premise and Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography

Research Theory, Design, and Methods

10/20/19

COMMENTS: Good job, Maria. You selected some sound and credible articles for possible use in your Capstone Project down the road. You’ll find a few notable issues – some of which have been identified in your previous assignments – that you [still] need to address in all future writings (e.g., text needs to be LEFT-JUSTIFIED, not block-text; need to credit outside sources of information with in-text citations and references; APA style, etc.). Please see my detailed feedback below. Remember … when you open this document, make sure you go to the toolbar at the top of your screen and click the ‘Review’ link. From there, go to the right, click the dropdown, then click ‘All Markup’ to view all of my feedback (including any Track Changes, highlighted in-text comments, and ‘Comments’ bubbles located in the right-hand margin of the document).

Annotated Bibliography

Excellent and effective leadership is essential for the success of any organization. In the same case, the healthcare industry requires effective leadership that can ensure quality service delivery. Healthcare facilities have the unique priority of providing patient care. Therefore, there is a need for good leadership to ensure that professionals and other staff are well-directed on what they ought to do to achieve the set organizational goal. Besides, guidance helps in giving the facility a direction to ensure coordination and a high level of cooperation among the employees. Healthcare organizations have different departments. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the facility has quality leadership that can help them work together for the overall good of the facility and patients.

Research on leadership in healthcare can significantly contribute to the improvement and efficiency of healthcare facilities. The study will provide insight into the most effective leadership strategies and styles that leaders can adopt to deal with varying challenges in the healthcare context. Additionally, it will contribute to determining the effectiveness of various strategies that are critical in healthcare, as well as the role of a leader to ensure the success of an entity. Leadership is crucial in ensuring cooperation and teamwork between interprofessional personnel. In this case, the study will be useful in promoting the effectiveness of healthcare organizations through quality leadership.

Key Terms

Leadership- the action of leading and directing a group of people towards a particular goal. Healthcare- in the study, healthcare refers to the large organizations with the responsibility of providing care for treating physical and mental illness in people.

Databases

1. Google Scholar

2. Science Direct

3. HealthData.gov

Chang, A. M., Cohen, D. J., Lin, A., Augustine, J., Handel, D. A., Howell, E., & Sun, B. C. (2018). Hospital strategies for reducing emergency department crowding: a mixed-methods study. Annals of Emergency Medicine , 71 (4), 497-505.

The study discusses emergency room (ER) crowding. ER crowding among America hospitals has become the greatest threat to the effectiveness and leadership of public health. Therefore, it shows the importance of leaders adopting effective techniques to ensure a reduction of the crowding in the emergency department to provide quality service delivery. The purpose of the article was to identify the important strategies that leaders in high, low, and improving hospitals can utilize to ensure a reduction in the ER crowding.

The research was conducted using a mixed methodology of the comparative case study. Hospitals included in the study were within the top and bottom 5% in experiencing ER crowding. They were purposively nominated and enlisted. Other hospitals that were recruited are those that showed a high performance in the metrics between 2012 and 2013. The interview was conducted with 60 key leaders who included doctors, nurses, specialists on quality upgrading specialists, and managers.

The findings of the study were collected from four hospitals listed as high performing, four low-performing, and four facilities that had improved. In all these healthcare facilities, ER crowding was considered a hospital-wide problem. However, strategies varied with hospitals, with no particular intervention being linked with performance in the extent of stay metrics. Domains related to hospital performance included the hospital-wide coordinated techniques, executive leadership performance accountability, and data-driven management.

The gap in the study was the lack of previous researches that addressed the root causes of ER crowding. As a result, researchers failed to understand the practical strategies invested by hospitals, thus resulting in an ineffective attempt to eliminate the challenge. Generally, the outcome of the study supported the idea that effective leadership is key in dealing with ER crowding.

Choi, S. L., Goh, C. F., Adam, M. B. H., & Tan, O. K. (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of employee empowerment. Human Resources for Health, 14(1), 73.

The study explored at the influence of transformational leadership on team coordination and performance. The aim of the research was to comprehend the significance of transformational leadership in promoting team interaction and conflict resolution. As well, they aimed at contributing to the knowledge of transformational leadership and its effect in a healthcare setting. The researchers seek to contribute to the study of how transformational leadership affects the team by indicating how leaders utilize the strategy to promote cooperative conflict resolution, as well as team coordination and performance.

A survey design was used to obtain data from 200 nursing staff comprising of nurses and medical assistants working in both private and public health facilities. The sample size was purposively selected. The respondents answered 5-point Likert scale questions relating to transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and employee enablement.

The findings exhibited that empowerment reconciled the influence of transformational management on job fulfillment in nursing. As a result, the study contributes to the works of job satisfaction in the health industry through the comprehending the impact of employees’ empowerment and transformational governance on job gratification. The gap concerning the study was that several studies were conducted that researched the relationship between employee empowerment and job satisfaction. However, none was trying to seek the mediating characteristic between the transformational management and job fulfilment of nurses. The overall findings of the research were in agreement with other studies where employee empowerment is critical in job satisfaction.

Mitchell, R., Boyle, B., Parker, V., Giles, M., Chiang, V., & Joyce, P. (2015). Managing inclusiveness and diversity in teams: How leader inclusiveness affects performance through status and team identity. Human Resource Management, 54(2), 217-239. doi:10.1002/hrm.21658

The authors review and discuss the influence of governance inclusiveness on the performance through status and team identity. The article shows the need for healthcare adopting the inter-professional teams in decision making as opposed to uni-professional teams. According to the authors, diversity in healthcare teams enhances the availability of ideas necessary to improve service delivery. However, they also assert that diversity can as well lead to conflict and inadequate performance in case it is not well-managed. The primary purpose of the study was to understand the impact of leader inclusiveness in healthcare.

The target population of the study entailed the healthcare teams from the tertiary referral hospitals dealing with acute care in Australia. The data were collected within 12 months (2009-2010). It was a part of the comprehensive research on the relationship between the effectiveness of an entity and interprofessional teams. Two hundred ten teams were randomly selected, and invitations sent to them via the central-practice-development database. Three hundred forty-six members of the total participants responded together with 75 leaders of the teams. The response perceived difference in status and team identity being considered as having significant influence inclusiveness of a leader in performance.

The gap identified by the study is the continued use of solo professional teams due to the difference in social identity and status. This has reduced diversity in healthcare decision-making teams. The findings support existing study in that inclusiveness of a leader and particularly in a diverse team, contributes to the performance of an entity.

Nelson, K., Boudrias, J. S., Brunet, L., Morin, D., De Civita, M., Savoie, A., & Alderson, M. (2014). Authentic leadership and psychological wellbeing at work of nurses: The mediating role of work climate at the individual level of analysis. Burnout Research, 1(2), 90-101.

The article presents a study on the effects of authentic governance on psychological wellbeing through its effects on the work climate. The article state that authentic management is highly aligned with humane and values of patient care, which are central to the nursing occupation. Research aiming at comprehending the psychological wellbeing among nurses by evaluating their role of both the authentic leadership and work climate. Besides, the study also aimed at examining the possible link between mental wellbeing and authentic leadership through the mediational effect of environment

The researchers applied the time-lagged design to determine the role of a mediational work climate for describing the impact of authentic leadership. A sample size of 406 nurses participated in the study by completing a total of two self-reported questionnaires. The questions aimed at ascertaining authentic leadership and work climate at standard. For six months, nurses also undertook a measure to establish their level of emotional wellbeing while at work.

The findings, which were obtained from an analysis using the bootstrapping technique, established the mediation of work climate on the association between realistic leadership and mental wellness at work. The findings show that dependable leadership has positive effects on the work climate through an increase in the level of the mental wellbeing of nurses at work.

The most significant gap that contributed to the study was the lack of a study that tested the mediation model using the time-lagged design. The result of the study was in agreement with the previous researches that supported the fact that authentic leadership and work climate are determinants if the wellbeing of nurses in the workplace.

Sfantou, D. F., Laliotis, A., Patelarou, A. E., Sifaki-Pistolla, D., Matalliotakis, M., & Patelarou, E. (2017, December). Importance of leadership style towards the quality of care measures in healthcare settings: a systematic review. In Healthcare (Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 73). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.

The article addresses the aspect of effective leadership in reinforcing the excellence and integration of care.in the study, authors assert that quality care is an essential component in enhancing a high level of productivity in healthcare. According to the article, the Institute of Medicine identifies quality care as one that is safe, patient-centered, effective, efficient, and equitable. In this case, effective leadership is critical in promoting efficient service provision.

The study aimed to determine the relationship between measures of healthcare and various leadership styles. The data used in the analysis were collected from 18 different kinds of research conducted in multiple countries. The explorative research design was adopted to understand the contribution of varying leadership styles about care quality. The data was obtained through research in the medical and EMBASE databases for the period between 2004 and 2015. Findings showed a correlation between leadership styles and the quality of care given.

The quantitative study on the leadership and impact on care quality was conducted due to the high number of studies rejected. With qualitative researches being considered significant. From the result, it supported the findings of other studies that considered leadership a central element for well-managed and diverse care provision.

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References

Chang, A. M., Cohen, D. J., Lin, A., Augustine, J., Handel, D. A., Howell, E., & Sun, B. C. (2018). Hospital strategies for reducing emergency department crowding: a mixed-methods study. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 71(4), 497-505.

Choi, S. L., Goh, C. F., Adam, M. B. H., & Tan, O. K. (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of employee empowerment. Human Resources for Health, 14(1), 73.

Mitchell, R., Boyle, B., Parker, V., Giles, M., Chiang, V., & Joyce, P. (2015). Managing inclusiveness and diversity in teams: How leader inclusiveness affects performance through status and team identity. Human Resource Management, 54(2), 217-239. doi:10.1002/hrm.21658

Nelson, K., Boudrias, J. S., Brunet, L., Morin, D., De Civita, M., Savoie, A., & Alderson, M. (2014). Authentic leadership and psychological wellbeing at work of nurses: The mediating role of work climate at the individual level of analysis. Burnout Research, 1(2), 90-101.

Sfantou, D. F., Laliotis, A., Patelarou, A. E., Sifaki-Pistolla, D., Matalliotakis, M., & Patelarou, E. (2017, December). Importance of leadership style towards the quality of care measures in healthcare settings: a systematic review. In Healthcare (Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 73). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.

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