L1 Acquisition

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L& S Ch.1 Key Concepts

  • The first three and developmental sequences
  • The pre-schools years
  • First language acquisition
  • The behaviorist perspective
  • The innatist perspective
  • The critical period hypothesis
  • Interactionist perspectives
  • Language disorders and delays
  • Childhood bilingualism

First Language Acquisition Theory

The Behaviorist Perspective

  • Say what I say
  • Environment as the source of everything
  • Child’s language behavior is shaped by the following things:
  • The quantity and quality of the language the child hears
  • Consistency of the reinforcement offered by others in the environment

The Behaviorist Perspective

The Innatist Perspective

  • It is all in your mind
  • Children are biologically programmed for language
  • The child does not have to be taught
  • Children are born with innate ability for the underlying rules of a language system
  • The critical period hypothesis

The Interaction Hypothesis

Learners need to interact with other speakers

When second language learners are interacting with native speakers, language must be modified in some way

Comprehension checks

Clarification requests

Self-repetition or paraphrase

Interaction hypothesis

Noticing and corrective feedback

Negotiation for meaning

Comprehensible Output

Learners must formulate language that their interlocutor can understand, this pushes them forward in language learning.

Interaction Theory Application

  • Caregivers play a critical role in language acquisition
  • Child: Birthday cake Megan house.
  • Mom: We had birthday cake at Megan’s house. What else did we do at Megan’s house?
  • Child: Megan dolly.
  • Mom: Megan got a doll for her birthday, didn’t she?

W Ch.1
Key Concepts

  • Grammar Translation Method
  • A teaching method with an emphasis on grammar and translation of sentences
  • Direct Method
  • an approach developed in reaction to the Grammar Translation Method which gave priority to oral expression and avoided recourse to the learner’s native language
  • Audiolingual Method (ALM)
  • Based on behaviorist principles, this method attempted to develop good language habits through repetitive drills and pattern practices
  • Communicative Approach, or Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
  • an approach that emphasizes using techniques that engage learners in the pragmatic, authentic, functional use of language for meaningful purposes

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Key Concepts (Cont.)

  • Focus on form
  • placing an emphasis on formal aspects of language in the classroom by isolating them for practice through exercises, rather than drawing attention to forms through meaningful activities
  • Focus on form/form-focuses instruction
  • drawing students’ attention to aspects of linguistic form in classrooms, characterized by a meaning – or communication-based approach
  • Focus-on-Form VS Focus-on-Forms
  • Input enhancement
  • various means of drawing attention to aspects of the target language, such as underlining or using bold type, so that students will notice and learn them
  • Bilingual: someone who is able to use two languages