Tourism management
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WEEK1NOTES2.pptxWEEK 1 NOTES
HTM 424
Learning Objectives
Understand what tourism is and its many definitions.
Learn the components of tourism and tourism management.
Examine the various approaches to studying tourism.
Appreciate how important this industry is to the economy of the world and of many countries.
Know the benefits and costs of tourism.
Definition of Tourism
Tourism may be defined as the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors.
UNWTO Definition of Tourism
Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.
Source: UNWTO
Visitor
A “visitor” is defined as those persons who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence but outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.
(1) Tourists in international technical definitions.
(2) Excursionists in international technical definitions.
(3) Travelers whose trips are shorter than those that qualify for travel and tourism; e.g., under 50 miles (80 km) from home.
(4) Students traveling between home and school only -- other travel of students is within scope of travel and tourism.
(5) All persons moving to a new place of residence including all one-way travelers, such as emigrants, immigrants, refugees, domestic migrants, and nomads.
Classification of Travelers
The Tourism Phenomenon: Components of tourism and tourism management
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE
PHSYIOGRAPHY
PEOPLE
Industry -- Residents -- Visitors
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
INFORMATION
SUPERSTRUCTURE
INFRASTRUCTURE
CULTURE
TECHNOLOGY
GOVERNANCE
OPERATING SECTORS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Travel Trade
Sector
Accommodation
Sector
Events Sector
Transportation
Sector
Adventure & Outdoor
Recreation Sector
Food Services
Sector
Attractions Sector
Entertainment
Sector
Tourism
Services
Catalyst, Planning, Development, Promotion, and Management Organizations
Private Sector Components
Public Sector Components
World & National Travel Industry
Associations
World & National
Government
Tourism Offices
State and Provincial
Government
Tourism Offices
Local & City Government
Tourism
Departments
Local & Regional
Tourism Associations/
Convention & Visitor
Bureaus
State and Provincial
Travel Industry
Associations
SPIRIT OF HOSPITALITY
Philosophy
Policy
Vision
Strategy
Planning
Development
Marketing
Stewardship
Behaviors
Experiences
Monitoring
Evaluation
Organization
Research
Visitation
Impacts
THE PROCESSES, ACTIVITIES, AND OUTCOMES OF TOURISM
CAREERS IN TOURISM
THE
TOURIST
Disciplinary Inputs to the tourism field
Source: WTTC
Travel and Tourism - World’s Largest Industry
In 2011 it is estimated to account for some:
$5.9 trillion of Economic Activity
258.5 million jobs
In 2021 it is estimated to account for:
$11.9 trillion of Economic Activity
323.8 million jobs
Travel and Tourism Can Grow by 4% per year
Travel and Tourism will continue to expand faster than the economy as a whole and faster than comparable industries.
By 2021 Travel & Tourism is expected to account for:
$11.9 trillion
323.8 million employees
Growth depends on enlightened government policy
Source: WTTC
TOURISM: WHAT IT MEANS TO THE U.S. ECONOMY
Travel spending in U.S. is projected to total $738.5 billion in 2010.
Tourism is the nation’s third largest retail industry.
Tourism is the nation’s largest service export.
Over 7.4 million Americans employed directly in the travel industry, 9 million indirectly for a total of over 16 million jobs.
Tourism provides more than 684,000 executive level positions in each year.
Travel industry provides a disproportionate number of jobs for the traditionally disadvantaged.
Source: U.S. Travel Association
Benefits of Tourism - Economic
Provides employment opportunities
Generates foreign exchange
Increases Incomes
Increases GNP
Can be built on existing infrastructure
Develops an infrastructure that will also help stimulate local commerce and industry
Can be developed with local products and resources
Diversifies the economy
Tends to be compatible with other economic activities
Spreads development
High multiplier impact
Increases governmental revenues
Benefits of Tourism - Social
Broadens educational and cultural horizons
Improves quality of life - higher incomes and improved standards of living
Justifies environmental protection and improvement
Provides tourist and recreational facilities that may be used by a local population
Benefits of Tourism - Cultural
Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition
Visitor interest in local culture provides employment for artists, musicians and other performing artists enhancing cultural heritage
Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political barriers, and religious barriers
Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination
Promotes a global community
Promotes international understanding and peace
Disadvantages of Tourism - Economic
Develops excess demand
Results in high leakage
Creates difficulties of seasonality
Causes inflation
Can result in unbalanced economic development
Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes
Disadvantages of Tourism - Social
Creates social problems
Degrades the natural physical environment and creates pollution
Degrades the cultural environment
Threatens family structure
Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts
Creates misunderstanding
Creates conflicts in the host society
Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation, and transportation problems
