Tutorial Task 1 & Task 2
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week1lecture.pptxAn Overview of Systems Analysis and Design
Chapter 10
SBM4201 System Analysis and Design
Bahareh Berenjforoush
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th and 7th Edition
Objectives
Software Development and Systems Analysis and Design
Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC)
Approaches to System Development
The SDLC Support Phase
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques
Approaches to Software Construction and Modeling
Agile Development
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th and 7th Edition
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Software Development
Computer application (app) – a computer software program that executes on a computing device to carry out a specific set of functions
Modest scope
Information system – a set of interrelated components that collects, processes, stores, and provides as output the information needed to complete business tasks
Broader in scope than “app”
Includes database and related manual processes
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition
Software Development
Systems analysis – those activities that enable a person to understand and specify what an information system should accomplish
Systems design – those activities that enable a person to define and describe in detail the system that solves the need
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition
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Software Development
Understand the need (business need)
Capture the vision
Define a solution
Communicate the vision and solution
Build the solution
Confirm that the solution meets the need
Launch the solution system
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition
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System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
The process consisting of all activities required to build, launch, and maintain an information system. Six core processes are:
Identify the problem or need and obtain approval
Plan and monitor the project
Discover and understand the details of the problem or need
Design the system components that solve the problem
Build, test, and integrate system components
Complete system tests and then deploy the solution
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition
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Iterative and Agile Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC)
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition
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The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
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There are two general approaches to the SDLC
Predictive Approach
Waterfall model
Assumes the project can be planned in advance and that the information system can be developed according to the plan
Requirements are well understood and/or low technical risk
Adaptive Approach to the SDLC
Iterative model (as see in this text)
Assumes the project must be more flexible and adapt to changing needs as the project progresses
Requirements and needs are uncertain and/or high technical risk
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Most projects fall on a continuum between Predictive and Adaptive
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Traditional Predictive SDLC
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Earlier approach based on engineering
Typically have sequential Phases
Phases are related groups of development activities, such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, and deployment
Waterfall model
SDLC that assumes phases can be completed sequentially with no overlap or iteration
Once one phase is completed, you fall over the waterfall to the next phase, no going back
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Traditional Predictive SDLC
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Newer Overlapping Phases Predictive SDLC
More flexibility, but still assumes predictive planning and sequential phases
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Newer Adaptive SDLC
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Emerged in response to increasingly complex requirements and uncertain technological environments
Always includes iterations where some of design and implementation is done from the beginning
Many developers claim it is the only way to develop information systems
Many IS managers are still sceptical
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Iterative Model
Popular Way to Represent Adaptive SDLC
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Iterative development -- an approach to system development in which the system is “grown” piece by piece through multiple iterations
Complete small part of system (mini-project), then repeat processes to refine and add more, then repeat to refine and add more, until done
Core Processes vs. Iterations Model
The Adaptive SDLC used in this Text
Shows core processes, not phases, plus iterations in a sequence for management checkpoints
Based on the Unified Process SDLC (see chapter 14)
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
The SDLC Support Phase
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All information systems need to be supported once completed
Predictive SDLCs typically include support as a project phase
Adaptive SDLCs treat support as a separate project
Support Activities
Activities whose objective is to maintain and enhance the system after it is installed and in use
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Support Activities
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Maintaining the system
Fix problems/error
Make minor adjustments
Update for changes in operating systems or environments
Enhancing the system
Add desired functionality
Add or change functionality to comply with regulations or legislation
Supporting the users
Ongoing user training
Help desk
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques
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Methodologies
Provides guidelines for every facet of system development: What to do when, why and how
Specifies an SDLC with activities and tasks
Specifies project planning and project management models and reporting
Specifies analysis and design models to create
Specifies implementation and testing techniques
Specifies deployment and support techniques
Other term used is System Development Process
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques
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Model
An abstraction of an important aspect of the real world.
Makes it possible to understand a complex
concept by focusing only on a relevant part
Each model shows a different aspect of the concept
Crucial for communicating project information
In IS, some models are of system components
Some models are used to manage the development process
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques
Tools
Software applications that assists developers in creating models or other components required for a project
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques
Technique
A collection of guidelines that help an analyst complete an activity or task
Learning techniques is the key to having expertise in a field
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques
A Methodology includes a collection of techniques that are used to complete activities and tasks, including modeling, for every aspect of the project
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Two Approaches to Software Construction and Modeling
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The Structured Approach
Earlier approach Assumes a system is a collection of processes that interact with data
Structured analysis, structured design, and structured programming
The Object-Oriented Approach
More recent approach. Assumes a system is a collection of objects that interact to complete tasks
OO analysis, OO design, and OO programming
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
The Structured Approach
Entity-relationship diagram
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
The Structured Approach
How it fits together
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
The Object-Oriented Approach
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Object-oriented analysis (OOA)
The process of identifying and defining the use cases and sets of objects (classes) in the new system
Object-oriented design (OOD)
Defining all of the types of objects necessary to communicate with people and devices and showing how they interact to complete tasks
Object-oriented programming (OOP)
Writing statements that define the actual classes and what each object of the class does
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
The Object-Oriented Approach
UML Design Class Diagram
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Agile Development
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A guiding philosophy and set of guidelines for developing information systems in an unknown, rapidly changing environment
Complements Adaptive SDLCs and Methodologies that support it
Takes adaptive and makes sure developers are fast on their feet to respond to changes
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Agile Development Philosophies and Values
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This text emphasizes agile values, as stated by the “Manifesto for Agile Development”
Value responding to change over following a plan
Value individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Value working software over comprehensive documentation
Value customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition
Summary
This lecture is about developing information systems that solve an organization need
System development involves 6 core processes, known as the SDLC
There are two approaches to the SDLC: Predictive and Adaptive
A predictive SDLC, also known as the waterfall model, is used when it is possible to plan the project completely in advance
An Adaptive SDLC, which uses iteration, is used when the requirements are less certain and the project will need to react to changes
This text uses an adaptive approach to the SDLC
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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th and 7th Edition
Summary (continued)
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All new information systems require support once completed
System development project use a methodology (or development process) and many are available. A methodology includes an SDLC and tools, techniques, and models
There are two approaches to construction and modeling software: the traditional structured approach and the newer object- oriented approach
Agile development is the current trend in system development
Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th and 7th Edition
References
Satzinger .J, Jackson. R & Burd. S, 2012, Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing 6th edn, Cengage, Australia.
Satzinger .J, Jackson. R & Burd. S, 2016, Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing 7th edn, Cengage, Australia.
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