Replies for peers. Need ONE Response Per Each Discussion Total 4 Responses. Attached Are The Discussions And Rubric Please Follow Them. Posts Will Be A Minimum Of 100 Words, APA Format.One Reference Per Each Discussion
butterflyl
week10replies.docxby Yasmany Sanchez Zuniga - Monday, October 31, 2022, 1:14 AM
Number of replies: 4
Famous nurse theorist Hildegard Peplau developed a hypothesis based on interactions between patients and healthcare providers. She claimed that the goal of the nurse-patient relationship is to deliver high-quality nursing care that improves the patient's health and keeps them that way (Ogoncho, et.al, 2017). The nurse's surrogate position entails acting as a representative or stand-in for a more familiar person to the patient, such as a parent, sibling, relative, friend, or teacher. The patient may subconsciously project their feelings and actions toward their significant other onto the nurse during this procedure. When this happens, the nurse helps the patient see the parallels and differences between themselves and the other person.
Having a child through a surrogate mother is not without its detractors. Moreover, the legal procedure is complicated because it varies from one state to the next. However, you and your spouse still have the option of surrogacy, whether you have fertility issues or not. The standard surrogacy method involves the father's sperm being artificially implanted into a woman. Then they bring the newborn home for you and your partner to care for. In the case of a typical surrogate, she is also the baby's biological mother. This is because the father's sperm fertilized the mother's egg (Sibiya, et.al, 2019). There is also the option of using donor sperm, substitute mothers who carry a child for another woman. In vitro fertilization (IVF) allows for the collection of eggs from the mother (or an egg donor), fertilization of the eggs with sperm from the father (or a sperm donor), and the subsequent transfer of the embryo to the uterus of a gestational surrogate. Finally, the surrogate gives birth to the child. Since their egg was not used, there is no genetic connection between them and the child.
According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, surrogates need to get a checkup to ensure they are healthy enough to carry a child to term. Syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV, CMV, and hepatitis B and C tests are recommended by the group. Surrogates should undergo measles, rubella (German measles), and chickenpox immunization testing. You may also wish to suggest a medical treatment called a uterine "map" to help the doctor determine the health of the uterus and whether or not it is capable of carrying a pregnancy. Rather than rely on their physician, surrogate mothers should secure their care throughout the pregnancy.
References
Ogoncho, I. M., Sanga, P., & Halake, D. G. (2017). Case Management of Substance Induced Psychosis Using Peplau’sTheory of Interpersonal Relations.
Sibiya, M. N., Madlala, S. T., & Ngxongo, T. S. (2019). Challenges faced by student accoucheurs during clinical placement at the free state maternal health care institutions. African Health Sciences, 19(2), 2263-2269.
Beverly Fajardo - Sunday, October 30, 2022, 2:25 PM
Number of replies: 2
In 1952, the well-known nurse theorist Hildegard Peplau developed a model for the interpersonal connections that occur in the nursing profession. She underlined that the objective of the interaction between a nurse and a patient is to offer nursing care that is both health-promoting and health-maintaining (Vaismoradi et al., 2022). Within the context of the interaction between the nurse and the patient, the nurse may take on any one or more of the following six roles in the course of delivering care: stranger, resource person, teacher, leader, surrogate, and counselor.
In the position of surrogate, the nurse acts as the client's representative or as a replacement for a familiar person, such as a parent, sibling, other family, friend, or teacher. In this capacity, the nurse may also be referred to as a proxy. It is possible for a client to unwittingly communicate to a nurse certain characteristics or emotions related with a significant other via the use of this approach (Miyanaga & Poudyal, 2019). The nurse responds to this sensation by assisting patients in recognizing the ways in which they are similar to and different from one another.
The nurse functions as a proxy for the patient and acts as the patient's advocate. The nurse assists the patient in highlighting the boundaries between reliance, interdependence, and autonomy. It is easy to determine whether or not the surrogate role is appropriate in the modern nursing practice if one looks at the duties that nurses are responsible for. It is essential to highlight the fact that giving patients with support and direction is one of the nursing responsibilities that are consistent with the surrogate position (Miyanaga & Poudyal, 2019). It is particularly important for patients to have the sense that they are cared for, heard, and understood when nurses have to break unpleasant medical news to them. Patients often ask for the nurses' assistance in comprehending their diagnoses and determining the further measures to take. In these kinds of circumstances, nurses who have compassion for their patients and the patients' families may be able to give solace and direction. In addition to this, they could teach patients how to deal with stressful situations and provide both inpatient and outpatient therapy options. By referring to the aforementioned function, it is essential to emphasize the fact that nurses define the reliance and interdependence that exists between themselves and their patients. This is required in order to ensure that patients get the appropriate treatment.
In conclusion, the surrogate function is still significant in the current therapeutic practice; however, the definition of the term has evolved due to the assistance that is offered to patients.
References
Miyanaga, R., & Poudyal, H. (2019). Participation of nurses and care workers in the decision-making process for people with dementia in Japan: discussion paper. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 96, 91-98.
Vaismoradi, M., Fredriksen Moe, C., Vizcaya-Moreno, M. F., & Paal, P. (2022). Administration of pro re nata medications by the nurse to incapacitated patients: An ethical perspective. Clinical Ethics, 17(1), 5-13.
Hilda De León
Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations
The purpose of this paper is to critique Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations. As students, we are going to examine the influence that Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations has had on research and nursing practice.
Historical Background
Hildegard E. Peplau is considered the mother of psychiatry in Nursing. In 1952, Peplau proposed the theory of interpersonal relations where she explains the importance of the therapeutic processes that occur between the nurse and the patient. Peplau explains that the most important is the creation of a nurse-patient relationship. Several points are recommended in this relationship. For example, the relationship should be based on trust, the patient should not be judged, patients should be kept informed about their illness, patients' learning should be identified, patients should be encouraged to participate in the interventions, and negative feelings should be identified (Wasaya et al., 2021)
Definitions of Theory Concepts
In Peplau's theory, nursing is defined as an interpersonal, therapeutic relationship that occurs when nurses establish therapeutic relationships with people who need health services. The theory explains that the nurse-patient relationship is exclusive to the people involved and involves teamwork, where the nurse uses her experience to improve the well-being of the patient in an individualized and unique way. Therefore, a therapeutic alliance is created that improves both patients and nurses. Peplau defines the therapeutic alliance as a relationship between the nurse and the patient based on sympathy, knowledge, and perception, which can lead to patient encouragement (Solorzano, 2021).
Description of Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory is a mid-range theory that revolves around the relationship established between nurse-client. In this theory, Peplau identified four stages in the patient-nurse relationship. These stages are orientation where the patient seeks help and the nurse identifies the problem; identification, where goals are planned; exploitation, where patients are informed about their problem, and this allows them to face it; and resolution, where the patient is expected to be successful in all activities discussed. From the beginning, a good relationship is established between the nurse and the patient, which allows the patient to trust the nurse and open up to explain all their emotions and establish a therapeutic relationship. The solution to the problem that explains the theory of Peplau reduces anxiety and depression and improves problem-solving (Baysan Arabacı & Gülsenay Taş, 2019)
Application of the Theory: Practice
When creating a therapeutic alliance there are several implications for practice. First, one of them is empathy. Empathy is fundamental for a high-quality nurse-patient relationship. For creating good empathy, there must be effective communication. Second, it is important to understand. Once alignment occurs nurses can better understand the cultural values of patients, their personal preferences, and preferences when being cared for. Awareness. Approaching patients without making assumptions helps to realize who patients are as a person. Awareness allows nurses to take patient-centered actions. Nurses should inform the health team of patient preferences. Empowerment. The three previous characteristics are basic elements in the qualities of the therapeutic alliance. When this is achieved, patient empowerment occurs. This helps to involve patients in their own care and to a positive outcome (Solorzano Martinez,2021).
Conclusions
A fundamental point in the care of patients by nurses is the interpersonal relationship that is created with the patient. Almost 50 years ago, Peplau emphasized the meaning of interpersonal relations in the care and evolution of patients with her theory which today is more relevant than ever.
References
Baysan Arabacı,L & Taş G. (2019). Effect of Using Peplau's Interpersonal Relation Nursing Model in the care of a juvenile delinquent. https://10.14744/phd.2019.54366
Martinez, A., Solorzano, J. (2021). Therapeutic alliance in mental health care: When language issues challenge provider-patient relationships. Nursing, 51, 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000791764.52720.45
Solorzano Martinez, A.J. (2021). Therapeutic alliance in mental health care: When language issues challenge provider-patient relationships. Nursing, 51, 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000791764.52720.45
Wasaya, F., Zulfiqar, S., & Farhan, A. (2021). A comparison and integration of two nursing theories into clinical practice: Betty neuman and hildegard peplau. I-Manager's Journal on Nursing, 11(3), 4-9. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.11.3.17881
Top of Form
Yunia Carmenate Leyva
Miami Regional University
MSN5270 - Advanced Theoretical Perspectives for Nursing
Professor Leanne Trigoura, APRN
11/12/2022
Surrogate Role as Defined by Peplau
In nursing, a surrogate role is defined by Peplau as when a nurse acts as an advocate to the patient's well-known members, such as the patient's parents. The surrogate role is often used in other contexts, such as in relationships, modeling, and therapy. A surrogate part takes on the persona and emotions of another for a duration of time (Smith, 2020). Therefore, as defined by Peplau, a surrogate role is relevant to nursing practice as currently experienced because the nurses can assist the patients with their health and well-being. For example, a nurse can talk to the spouse of the ill patient and make them act as the spousal unit for a time before the sick spouse recovers. This way, an ill spouse does not have to feel guilty about leaving their spouse alone to attend work or fulfil other obligations.
Acquiring a surrogate role goes hand-in-hand with developing empathy. It is much easier to build empathy by putting oneself in another person's shoes. A nurse can gain a more realistic view of their patient's feelings, which can help them develop better relationships with their patients and contribute to several different types of relationships. A nurse may develop an intrapersonal relationship with the patient and perform some duties for the patient for a long time, and the patient will see them as a family (Pecanac & King, 2019). The family members may also call a nurse to assist in performing tasks or providing care. Medical interventions are often complex and involve different emotions, such as fear and dread, excitement, annoyance, or acceptance. They have to simulate the patient's experience and roles to perform procedures. Parts can be acquired outside the hospital setting, for example, when a new nurse visits someone's home instead of going to the hospital. In this situation, that person may acquire different roles from their loved one. For example, someone with dementia may receive a "super serious" part and obsess over minor things that their loved one used to do daily. The new nurse will often get frustrated with the patient and may even fear for their well-being.
Student Learning Outcome
Nursing is an integral profession that involves directing patient care, implementing therapeutic techniques, and instructing patients to take care of themselves (Corry et al., 2019). Nurses are the primary care providers for all ages, from newborns to people with terminal illnesses. Nurses are critical in all aspects of healthcare and are valued resources for many facets, such as patient safety, emotional support, and good health habits in the community. With all the importance placed on nursing professions, there is a growing need to provide the proper education and training for nurses to improve patient outcomes.
References
Corry, M., Porter, S., & McKenna, H. (2019). The redundancy of positivism as a paradigm for nursing research. Nursing Philosophy, 20(1), e12230.
Pecanac, K., & King, B. (2019). Nurse–family communication during and after family meetings in the intensive care unit. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 51(2), 129-137.
Smith, K. (2020). Talking therapy: Knowledge and power in American psychiatric nursing. Rutgers University Press.
Top of Form
